Research Summary and Ethical Considerations , consequences of nurses Essay

Examination Summary and Ethical Considerations , outcomes of medical caretakers working extended periods. requirements to bequalitative or quantitative investigation - Essay Example Patients go to the medical clinic anticipating the best of care from the attendants. At the point when this isn't the situation because of medical caretakers working for extended periods of time, there develops a reason for concern and prompt cure. The results of attendant working for extended periods of time are organized in light of the force of human enduring that is related with poor clinical consideration/care. The reason for this investigation is to distinguish the outcomes of long working houses for attendants and how they influence their capacity to give fitting clinical consideration to patients. Thus, the objectives of this investigation lead to development of suggestions that can be embraced to deal with the current issue. The reason and the exploration question are legitimately identified with the issue. Investigating approaches to respond to the examination addresses will give significant data on the idea of the issue and furnish bits of knowledge on approaches to manage it. Subjective techniques, for example, contextual investigation examination are fitting in addressing these exploration questions. Fundamentally, the key thought is the way the medical attendants who work over extended periods of time have carried on after some time. The cases will give data to investigation. There are subjective and quantitative examinations that have focused on featuring the significant results of long working hour’s for medical caretakers. The school of nursing from the University of Pennsylvania directed an examination in 2012 where 22, 275 medical attendants were met to give their encounters of working for over 10 hours. A similar report additionally talked with patients who had been taken care of by the medical caretakers after the slipping by of the suggested working hours. Near 80% of the attendants revealed burnout because of exhaustion and said they felt sluggish in the wake of laboring for 12-13 hour shifts. 70% of the patients met revealed disappointment with the consideration and clinical consideration given to them by the attendants working for extended periods. It has likewise been noted in the exploration ends that very little is done to improve the circumstance the medical attendants face. Other

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

Foreseeing Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic particles are particles comprised of more than one nuclear component. This model issue exhibits how to anticipate the atomic equations of a few mixes including polyatomic particles. Polyatomic Ion Problem Anticipate the recipes of these mixes, which contain polyatomic ions:â barium hydroxideammonium phosphatepotassium sulfate Arrangement The recipes of mixes containing polyatomic particles are found similarly as equations are found for monoatomic particles. Ensure you know about the most well-known polyatomic particles. Here is a rundown of polyatomic particles to support you. Take a gander at the areas of the components on the Periodic Table. Particles in a similar section as one another (Group) will in general show comparative qualities, including the quantity of electrons the components would need to pick up or lose to look like the closest honorable gas molecule. To decide regular ionic mixes shaped by components, remember the accompanying: Gathering I particles (soluble base metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 particles (antacid earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 particles (nonmetals) have - 2 charges.Group 7 particles (halides) have - 1 charges.There is no straightforward method to foresee the charges of the change metals. Look on a table posting charges (valences) for potential qualities. For early on and general science courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are regularly utilized. At the point when you compose the recipe for an ionic compound, recollect that the positive particle is constantly recorded first. When there are at least two polyatomic particles in an equation, encase the polyatomic particle in parentheses.Write down the data you have for the charges of the segment particles and equalization them to answer the problem.â Barium has a 2 charge and hydroxide has a - 1 charge, therefore1 Ba2 particle is required to adjust 2 OH-ionsAmmonium has a 1 charge and phosphate has a - 3 charge, therefore3 NH4 particles are required to adjust 1 PO43-ionPotassium has a 1 charge and sulfate has a - 2 charge, therefore2 K particles are required to adjust 1 SO42-particle Answer Ba(OH)2(NH4)3PO4K2SO4 The charges recorded above for molecules inside gatherings are the regular charges, however you ought to know that the components some of the time take on various charges. See the table of the valences of the components for a rundown of the charges that the components have been known to expect. For instance, carbon normally expect either a 4 or - 4 oxidation state, while copper generally has as 1 or 2 oxidation state.

20 Tips for Freshman How to Make It Through During Your Best College Years

20 Tips for Freshman How to Make It Through During Your Best College Years As a green bean, you might be so certain in your forces since you used to be a class president or Prom Queen in your secondary school. You could likewise be an individual from the respect society. Also, you could graduate with the most noteworthy conceivable GPA, which is 4.0. Finally, a first year recruit could have been a valedictorian. Regardless of how diligently you took a stab at during your school years, being a school green bean makes numerous new difficulties and snags on your approach to consummate profession. Secondary school achievement has nothing to do with your advanced education. Be that as it may, each green bean needs to endure his absolute first year in school. You ought to disregard all your secondary school accomplishments once you turn a first year recruit. You start another year with a clear page. Obviously, if you’re fortunate to breeze through every single vital test and present a triumphant confirmations exposition alongside an introductory letter. From one side, you’re completely autonomous and the just a single answerable for your further life. On the opposite side, all the choices you make all alone, particularly when discussing the main scholastic year, will irresistibly affect your further instruction and profession. In this way, every green bean ought to be extremely cautious. American College Testing (ACT) reports that  ¼ of understudies will in general quit the game before finishing the sophomore year. Each first year recruit feels the weight excessively. half of the green beans who endure flop before getting their objective degree. The vast majority of these poor ones attempt to locate a superior spot to finish their Bachelor qualification. In this way, we can express that things are going better with Master’s degrees despite the fact that they include increasingly confounded orders. The article we have quite recently composed isn't composed to terrify a first year recruit. The other way around, we are here to share the privileged insights of enduring. We will enlighten you concerning the things and tips you’ll need during your first instructive year at school or college. Coincidentally, these clever clues may likewise be valuable when fabricating your vocation or even family. The initial not many long stretches of the principal scholastic year in school are significant for every green bean. This time has a place with a mind boggling dynamic procedure which will foreordain your further turn of events. During this period, an understudy may even alter his perspective concerning future profession. Attempt to execute these tips during the principal half of your start year. Every one of the exhortation was tried by the first year recruit of respectable organizations, so you’d better tune in up cautiously. Utilize These Strategies and Hints to Survive Your Freshman Year Investigate the territory around campus. From the absolute first day of your start scholastic year, you need to watch the whole region around your grounds. It’s like a minor town for every first year recruit. Aren’t you intrigued by the nearby foundation and your neighbors? Additionally, considering the territory around gets you arranged for some difficulties. Welcome your flat mate warmly. Each flat mate is simply one more first year recruit. Don’t fear these youths †they are similarly as terrified as you may be. These youngsters will in general have comparative experience and feelings. Commit some an opportunity to concentrate every green bean †who realizes how every individual can help you during your first investigation year. Get the things organized. Forget about your folks and secondary school mentors who used to lead you as the years progressed. Each first year recruit is the main capable individual for his grown-up life. The guardians are excessively far, and your instructors have all developed into teachers. Right, much the same as the Pokemon do. The school and college educators basically post the assignments or undertaking all understudies need to finish and hang tight for the outcomes. You are the one to take care of yourself †so remain insightful and sorted out. Locate the ideal area for your after-class preparation. Discover a comfortable corn like a library or utilize your room during the primary year to examine. Maybe, you’ll increase different open doors as the time cruises by, however when you’re a first year recruit, you’re not welcome to the rooms of senior folks and uproarious gatherings. In this way, utilize this opportunity to collect new information and experience. Attempt to go to each first year’s class. Visit each talk and take notes. Stay away from the enticement. Aside from remembering confused material to spare time later, every first year recruit will get an imperative information vital for the up and coming tests and tests. We’ll reveal to you more: during the principal school year, a large portion of your tests will contain inquiries from the in-class tests and papers. Brain school necessities and due dates. Prepare your own first-year plan. As a rookie, you should concentrate each schedule by heart. In addition, you should investigate the schedule substantially more frequently than you used to do at your young. The legitimization like â€Å"I didn’t realize it was expected today† won’t work with your school teachers. Make courses of action with your professors. There is not something to be embarrassed about when conversing with your educator during the principal scholarly year. It is still better to recover data before the test than doing it after Become more acquainted with your counselor. One of the best guides is your favored scholastic composing administration where you can purchase custom papers for inexpensively. In the event that we talk about advisor just, at that point it ought to be an individual who will counsel you on which courses to drop or take, how to sort out your after-class gatherings, plan classes for the up and coming terms, picking majors and minors. Also, such individuals can assist rookie with picking their first occupation. It’s about balance. Take part in both social and scholarly events. Take part nearby actively. Every second green bean faces supposed achiness to visit the family during the primary year in school. Join some club or intrigue bunch not to feel forlorn. Add to your grades. Forget about your school grades †everything is substantially more genuine at higher instructive establishments. Here, each illuminated exposition or in-class test tallies. Try not to overlook study assets on campus. Perhaps, school library didn't appear to be a solid spot for recovering data. Be that as it may, school labs and libraries intrigue. Each first year recruit should take the best of such places. Commit some an opportunity to your hobbies. To decrease the pressure and unwind, it is pivotal to recollect about your old leisure activities like playing guitar or perusing. No more pressure! Your guardians have no more capacity to choose your future. In the event that you don't know in the vocation you’ve picked the most recent year, find your new chances. It might assist with adjusting your perspective. Take responsibility. Since your first day in school, you need to learn by your missteps. Make ends and attempt to abstain from falling into a similar snare once more. Stay in contact with your classmates. Remember that each another understudy from your group is additionally a green bean. The person in question won’t make snicker of you. Building steady, agreeable associations may play close by later when the tests come. Get to the Career Services Office. Talk to genuine experts who will assist you with your vocation decision. Don’t procrastinate. It is critical to set needs. Try not to defer any significant activity until the latest possible time. Remember that you generally need a period for update. Remain solid. This point is for the most part about sustenance. Additionally, green bean appreciates liquor refreshments and smoking, yet you should stick away from these negative behavior patterns. Don’t overpower your body with cheap food. Figure out how to prepare rudimentary dinners. Avoid the feared extra â€Å"Freshman 15† pounds by complying with a fair eating routine. Monitor your cash. We are not instructing you to turn into an expert bookkeeper, yet you need to at any rate check your money and apportion all cash assets admirably. Let’s state, you can’t spend more than $50 every day in the event that you procure $100. The last exhortation is utilize just authority composing administrations for rookie and different understudies from the absolute first year. Don’t set aside your cash on two things; your wellbeing and training. Consequently, we suggest purchasing articles and research papers of high-caliber as opposed to bombing your course because generally or low quality paper.

Understanding Paulinas Mentality A Close Reading of Death and the Maiden, Act 2 Scene 1 Onwards - Literature Essay Samples

Significant dialogue from Act 2 of Death and the Maiden reveals how Paulina’s torture in the Chile’s past totalitarian regime has affected her life in the democratic present day. The ambiguity in the meaning of justice is a key theme that is significantly developed because the audience is exposed to two contradicting views from Paulina and Gerardo as they confront Roberto being tied up in a chair. Whether her abusive treatment is simply revenge for Roberto’s rape or an act of justice lies unknown as there is no definite answer for justice. Moreover, there is a sudden shift in Paulina’s behavior from being a belittled housewife to an aggressive abuser. Her growing animalistic behavior and her restlessness develop a mistrust with her relationship with Gerardo. Paulina possesses abusive power over Roberto which seems to be cathartic but at the same time makes her more animalistic. At the start of Act 2, Paulina retells her memory to him as if he was her ‘confessor’, she hasn’t even told it to Gerado, her sister and ‘certainly not my mother’ because the truth (of her rape) will only hurt others. This reveals that Paulina has lived in repression and isolation because she cannot repair herself through sharing. It is implied through the stage craft that the confrontation is therapeutic. For example, she looks outward to the ‘window’ and the ‘sea’, rocking ‘gently’. The ‘window’ implies the openness, the revelation to her past. The expanse of the ‘sea’ could show her power or her mental instability as there are no boundaries. Nature is used to give a serene ambiance just as finally confessing her memory stabilizes her to a certain extent. However, her confession grows from being cathartic to aggressive which links to the historical context that the totalitarian regime leaves unrepairable, psychological scars on its victims. The memory still lives vividly within her when she ‘imitates a man’s voice’. Although this gives a sense of Paulina ridiculing Roberto, it also shows that the details of the traumatic event still haunt her and that she is unable to escape the past. Her animalistic behaviour builds up as she uses vile language and the way she dehumanizes Roberto. At the end of the extract, we can hear the ‘sounds of urination and then flushing’, this provokes the audience to imagine the graphic scene of a woman showing no mercy to a tortured man even when he is at his weakest. Dorfman successfully achieves naturalistic effects to portray to the audience the reality of Chile. The reality that the victims of the totalitarian regime were psychologically scarred so severely and the despe rate plea for justice in form of vengeance. The deteriorating relationship between Gerardo and Paulina is shown through the fact that Gerardo doesn’t understand his wife that well. This is shown throughout the extract when Gerardo insists Paulina ‘really listen’ to him, and she ‘must talk to him’ before he even lets her explain. This shows that he doesn’t have the understanding to sympathize over why his wife is suddenly behaving so abusively. It is also ironic because it is he who should listen to Paulina for she is the victim of a rape. He even defends Roberto ‘taking the gag off’, ‘untying his legs’ and uses the law, a symbol of justice and intellect, to bring Paulina down- ‘even if this man committed genocide on a daily basis, he has the right to defend himself.’ Again there is an irony because it is Paulina who should be insisting on what is justice. Gerardo is the representation of the male misunderstanding of rape because he keeps telling Pau lina that her act is ‘intolerable’ meanwhile her rape history is far worse than Roberto’s pain. It is as if Gerardo is trying to wake her out of her savagery while she is also trying to make him understand the price of rape. The irony and misunderstanding tear the couple apart as one doesn’t understand another. The interpretation of justice through Roberto’s treatment differs between Paulina and Gerardo. Paulina is putting him on ‘trial’ while Gerardo sees this as ‘vengeance.’ The term ‘trial’ has positive connotations because it is linked to justice and approved by the law. While ‘vengeance’ has negative connotations because it seeks violence for equality- Gerardo suggests that Paulina wants Roberto to pay for his abuse 15 years ago. Both terms share the fact that it wants equality but it puts Paulina into two different lights. Dorfman intends to use this juxtaposition to convey ambiguity in the theme of justice because the concept was what questioned Chile when it moved from totalitarian to democracy. How can the law treat those who have mistreated others? This scene is very powerful in developing the ambiguity in justice because the audience witnesses the reaction of different characters on what is meant by justice for the first time. Gerardo has no pre-knowledge about what Paulina is capable of or has a mere understanding of what she has been through therefore he is shocked to see Roberto abused by his wife. This reveals to the audience that Gerardo is a representation of the men who are understate the horror of rape as he cannot put himself in Paulina’s perspective to feel her sufferings. Because if he could sympathize how humiliating a woman becomes after rape, he would allow her to fight for her justice- to dehumanize Roberto. This reflects to the context of Chile in the 1990s when the meaning of justice was questioned by the victims of abuse- how could the law treat fairly to the dead but not the living dead (Paulina)? Dorfman intends to make the audience feel disturbed by Paulina’s action to amplify the how psychologically wrecked she is. How disturbed the audience feels reflect on how disgusted they feel about rape. If they can bear the violence that Paulina puts on Roberto, then the audience understand that rape is debilitating. However, if they find her abuse out of control, and she is driven by lunacy, then they may not fully capture the horrors of rape.

The History of the Ford Motor Company Essay examples

Like most great enterprises, Fords beginnings were modest. The company had anxious moments in its infancy, balancing precariously on the brink of bankruptcy until cash inflows from sales began. The earliest record of a shipment is July 20, 1903, approximately one month after incorporation, to a Detroit physician. With the companys first sales, came a ray of hope. A worried group of stockholders, skeptically eyeing a bank balance that had dwindled to $223.65, breathed easier, and a young Ford Motor Company had taken its first step. During the next five years, young Henry Ford, as chief engineer and later as president, directed a development and production program which started in a converted wagon shop on Mack Avenue in Detroit and later†¦show more content†¦Forced to choose between closing the doors or fighting a battery of attorneys who already had whipped bigger companies into line, Henry Ford and his partners decided to fight. Eight years later, in 1911, after incredibly complicated court proceedings, Ford Motor Company won the battle which freed it and the entire auto industry from Seldens strait jacket. Despite harassment from Seldens syndicate, the little company kept improving its machines, making its way through the alphabet from its first model, the original Model A, until it reached the Model T in 1908. A considerable improvement over all previous models, this car was an immediate success. Nineteen years and more than 15 million Model Ts later (1927), Ford Motor Company was a giant industrial complex that spanned the globe. Its cars had started an urban revolution. And the Ford assembly line ignited an industrial revolution. Pre-World War II Expansion During those years of hectic expansion, Ford Motor Company: Began producing trucks and tractors (1917); Became wholly owned by Henry Ford and his son, Edsel, who succeeded his father as president in 1919 after a conflict with stockholders over the millions to be spent to build the giant Rouge ma nufacturing complex in Dearborn, Mich.; Bought the Lincoln Motor Company (1922); and, Built the first of 199 Ford Tri-Motor airplanes used by Americas first commercial airlinesShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company : History1652 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Company is a name commonly known throughout the United States. Henry Ford started the Ford Motor Company along with a couple other investors (â€Å"Our History†). Ford has made many changes over the years as well as changed America view on vehicles. Ford Motor Company is a largely iconic part of America and its history. 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Ford is one of world s most surely understood car brands, consumer’s top choices were vehicles like the Ford Musta ng, and F-Series tucks. Ford Co. is known as one of the biggest auto organizations on the planet. Company Description Ford works as an auto and portability organization around the world. Ford’s main core business incorporates Ford hasRead MoreThe World s Leading Consumer Company For Automotive Products And Services915 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND Vision Statement â€Å"To become the world s leading Consumer Company for automotive products and services. (Homepage, 2015)† Mission Statement â€Å"One Team. People working together as a lean, global enterprise for automotive leadership, as measured by: †¢ Customer, Employee, Dealer, Investor, Supplier, Union/Council, and Community Satisfaction One Plan. †¢ Aggressively restructure to operate profitably at the current demand and changing model mix; †¢ Accelerate development of new productsRead MoreCase Study of Ford Motor Company1147 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Tim Randall Ford Motor Company has been recognized as one of the worlds most ethical companies by the Ethisphere Institute, a leading business ethics think tank (Ford Motor Company.com. Home Page. 2012. PP. 1). This 2010 award of excellence highlights a fundamental transformation for a company that in the mid-1970s was immersed in a scandal regarding the safety of its Ford Pinto sub-compact. The issue which led to major lawsuits, inconclusive criminal charges, and a costly recall ofRead MoreFord Motor Company A Good Investment960 Words   |  4 PagesFord Motor Company became incorporated in 1903 with 12 investors and 1000 shares of stock. The company spent most of the cash on hand before the first vehicle was sold. However, before October 1, 1903, Ford Motor Company was showing a profit. In the upcoming years, Ford Motor Company continued to grow by opening a plant in Canada and a sales branch in Paris. In 1956, despite Henry Ford’s wishes, Ford Motor Company went public with the largest IPO (initial public offering) in history at the timeRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Co. Casey T, Blackburn Business 104 Business Organization Management Dr. Earl Murray Jr. 1 November 2015 Abstract I hope that this meets the intent of this paper and that you learn something new about the management of an organization that I have the most interest in. I wanted to discuss how the lessons that we have covered during this class are used and demonstrated in a large worldwide company such as Ford Motor Co. Ford Motor Co. Ford’s Motor Company History Ford Motor CompanyRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Study1124 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Ford Motor Company is the fifth biggest automobile manufacturing companies in the world and they offer a wide range of products and services for consumers. Ford Motor Company offers automobile products that are cars, crossovers, SUV’s, trucks, vans, and Lincolns. Ford Motor Company has recently celebrated their 100th anniversary of the moving assembly line invented under Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company has built on its legacy of innovation by expanding advanced manufacturing and groundRead MoreThe Ford Motor Company s Star Child Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1903, Henry Ford did not know he was about to revolutionize the automobile world when he opened the Ford Motor Company in the suburb of Dearborn Michigan. After opening Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford saw several ways to improve the auto industry through a series of inventions and visions. In 1903 cars were a luxury item, and only the rich and well-off were able to afford them. Henry Ford had a different vision, he saw the potential that the automobile market held, if, he could create an automobileRead MoreGreen Business Changes The Principles, Policies, And Practices976 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Going Green† is considered to be a new trend that some companies are pushing towards. Green business changes the principles, policies, and practices that will help improve the quality of life for customers, employees, and the communities. Companies are starting to find different ways like document handling, recycling, or becoming more energy efficient in order to be sustainable and to avoid any further damage towards the environment. Based on an article by Global Warming Climate

Alzheimer s Disease Has No Cure - 1771 Words

No cure† is two words that cause worry and stress faster than any other two words put together. Alzheimer’s disease has no cure. Over 100 years ago, German physician Alois Alzheimer did an analysis of a dementia patient’s brain. This analysis and study later became known as Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is expected to affect 100 million worldwide by 2050. It is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain. The life expectancy of patients diagnosed with the disease is somewhere between five and ten years; however, some patients can survive closer to twenty years partially depending on the treatment and care they receive. Alzheimer’s disease is expected to affect 100 million worldwide by 2050. With Alzheimer’s†¦show more content†¦There are many suspected causes and genetic risks linked to Alzheimer’s disease such as diabetes, chronic infections, inflammations, and hereditary. Aging People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (Marsa 54). Excessive brain specific insulin resistance impairments and signaling, account for many Alzheimer’s abnormalities. Brain insulin signaling regulates food intake, body weight, reproduction, also learning and memory. Defective insulin signaling results in cognitive ability decrease. Studies have also shown a link between chronic infections and inflammation in patients that develop Alzheimer’s disease. Viral and bacterial chronic infections, which cause cumulative damage, are an inflammatory vessel for Alzheimer’s disease. Infections have the potential to initiate a surge of e vents leading to inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system by generating free radicals and nitric oxide (Monastero et al. 107). There is an association between cognitive decline and systemic inflammation and infections. Successful treatment of chronic infections and inflammation is difficult but important in the effort of improving the quality of life in an Alzheimer’s patient. Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of aging; however, researchers know that genes play a part in the disease. There is a

Virtue ethics and the role of accountants - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Virtue ethics and the role of accountants. Answer: Introduction Training of the IT professional may involve most of security related issues, which may incorporate security of the personal data of the user. Main aim of the user is to achieve basic standard of the operation over the concept of business taking advantages of internet facility. Taking into account an advertisement sector, which is involved in a website, can also be a point of concern taking into account a calm experience over the framework of the internet (Anderson et al., 2014). Utilitarianism Perspective Utilitarianism Perspective mainly deals with aspect of fundamentals, which are related to happiness. People who are involved wants hassle free service when relating to work positions with security aspects involved in data, which is stored over concept of internet. Main distraction, which is possessed in the process, are advertisements. Advertisements which prompt periodically, can make any job hectic and very much disturbance oriented. Contributors of Google lets the user pay an amount of $2-10 each month which directly incorporated less amount of advertisement views in a website (Boutilier et al., 2014). Sum of money, which is collected through the process, goes to the sites, which were visited which directly helped to offset the lost Google ad revenue. Lesser amount of advertisement made users happy as it makes their work very much less hectic. User always wants less distraction so that they can concentrate on their work. Advertisements makes any process slow so directly if adverti sements are less it would be very much satisfactory from the point of view of the user (Crossman Doshi, 2015). Deontology Perspective Deontologist decides upon an action, which is wrong in itself. Taking into account hackers point of view from their prospective, they tend to achieve some sort of benefit by action they indulge in. Action for themselves may not be termed as not illegal because they tend to sneak into the system or the website, which have some sort loopholes involved into it. One most important concept is if an exception were made for the user, user would be violating the impartiality principle. A deontologist would always find privacy morally as into goes into framework of the prima facie duties, which may include justice, honesty and the benevolence and would be supporting the concept of the blocking of the websites. However, from perspective of deontologist, it can be stated that it is wrong to take information without consent of the individual, which is mostly seen in hacking scenario over internet framework (Bell, Dyck Neubert, 2017). Privacy and the protection of the data of user plays a very v ital role which should always be a point of concern because hacker would always indulge into activity or try to involve in activity so that they can gain access over the data of user. Virtue Perspective Many of the virtue ethicist may have different concepts, which can be applied in field of the Virtue perspective. There can be different view about advertisements which are being blocked some fell it may be justifying and other may fell it would not be justifying. Facebook CEO stated that he would not be charging users for the obstruction, which is being enforced to provide hassle free service to users. Sometimes advertisement aspect can be beneficial which the user for their own benefits can access. On the other hand, it can be stated if the publishers and the advertisers can look into the matter of adding concept of ad eco system, adaptation of the ad blockers will increase and dramatically influence effectiveness of the advertising behavioral model of revenue. The biggest question, which can arise in this concept, is who benefits from the concept. Answer would be technologies ad blocking companies who directly charge to whitelist their respective sites. There are also many compani es for example Source Point (Ayios et al., 2014). Company mainly develops the technology, which incorporate users to support the content, which they use. Websites mainly benefit from advertisements, which are viewed in the content of their website. Enforcement of blockage of content of advertisement may be very much a factor, which can be termed as influencing in monitory aspect of the advertiser. Blocking of the advertising issue can be sometimes be termed as beneficial from the point of the user to incorporate hassle free procedures on the other hand it can be stated as a loss aspect from the view point of the advertisers (Heimo et al., 2016). Contract Perspective There are many laws, which are being applied in sphere of living lifestyle of an individual. These laws are implemented for concept of achieving a greater life orientation with security aspects involved into it. These laws can be used as a moral compass, which are incorporated by a contract ethicist. Legally speaking, hackers are all around the concept of internet so that they can achieve some sort of benefit. Taking into consideration small organization or business bodies make devices in order to connect to concept of the internet of things. This concept can be considered very much shaky when it comes to the concept of security involved in the technological implementation. These make it very easy for hackers to hack into the technology field. In the near future, it can be stated that internet of things devices would face many problem due to the factor that it is not one of the best practices regarding the security aspects. Punishment aspect in the concept about the hackers vary from imprisonment to fines, which are directly proportional to the severity of the action, which is performed. Some of the aspects, which is related to the issue, can be justified according to the norms, which are pre-defined according to the government where the crime is being performed (Wallenburg Schffler, 2014). Conclusion The report can be concluded on a note that the concept of internet and its features are vast. There are many features, which are involved into concept, which act as a benefit, and other may be hectic. This is from the viewpoint of the user. Security aspect can be considered as one of the most vital issue, which require most of the attention. Security aspect is vital because it involves sensitive information of user using features of the internet. References Anderson, K. C., Knight, D. K., Pookulangara, S., Josiam, B. (2014). Influence of hedonic and utilitarian motivations on retailer loyalty and purchase intention: a facebook perspective.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(5), 773-779. Ayios, A., Jeurissen, R., Manning, P., Spence, L. J. (2014). Social capital: a review from an ethics perspective.Business Ethics: A European Review,23(1), 108-124. Bell, G. G., Dyck, B., Neubert, M. J. (2017). ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, VIRTUE THEORY, AND GENERIC STRATEGIES.Radical Thoughts on Ethical Leadership, 113. Boutilier, C., Caragiannis, I., Haber, S., Lu, T., Procaccia, A. D., Sheffet, O. (2015). Optimal social choice functions: A utilitarian view.Artificial Intelligence,227, 190-213. Crossman, J., Doshi, V. (2015). When not knowing is a virtue: A business ethics perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,131(1), 1-8. Heimo, O. I., Harviainen, J. T., Kimppa, K. K., Mkil, T. (2016). Virtual to Virtuous Money: A Virtue Ethics Perspective on Video Game Business Logic.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-9. Jayawickreme, E., Meindl, P., Helzer, E. G., Furr, R. M., Fleeson, W. (2014). Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique.School Field,12(3), 283-308. Wallenburg, C. M., Schffler, T. (2014). The interplay of relational governance and formal control in horizontal alliances: a social contract perspective.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(2), 41-58. West, A. (2017). Multinational tax avoidance: Virtue ethics and the role of accountants.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-14. Windekilde, I., Henten, A. (2017). Domesticating the MonsterThe Case of Uber in a Social Contract Perspective.Nordic and Baltic Journal of Information and Communications Technologies,2017(1), 1-16.

The Future of Computer Crime in America Essay Example For Students

The Future of Computer Crime in America Essay The Future of Computer Crime in AmericaSociology Research PaperSociology per. #210/8/96Sociology Topics:Future SocietySocial ChangeSocial and Enviromental IssuesDeviant BehaviorCrime/CorrectionsName: Brandon RobinsonPeriod: # 2The proliferation of home computers, and of home computers equipped withmodems, has brought about a major transformation in the way American societycommunicates, interacts, and receives information. All of these changes beingpopularized by the media and the wide increased personal and private sector useof the Internet. All of these factors plus the fact of more and more businessand government institutions are jumping to make the use of these services hasput a much wider range of information at the finger tips of those, often selectand few individuals whom know how to access, understand and use theseinformation sources. Often times today this information is of a very sensitiveand private nature on anything from IRS Tax returns, to Top Secret NASA payloadlaunch i nformation. Piled on top of that many times the individuals accessingthese information sources are doing so by illegal means and are often motivatedby deviant and illegal means. It is said that at any given time the averageAmerican has his name on an active file in over 550 computer informationdatabases of which nearly 90% are online, and of the 550 databases the numbercomes no where close to how many time your personal information is listed insome database in an unactive file. The Average American could simply sit inhis/her home doing nearly nothing all day long and still have his/her name gothrough over 1,000 computers a day. We will write a custom essay on The Future of Computer Crime in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All of these vast information files all hold the crucial ones and zerosof data that make up your life as you and all others know it. All of these databits, at the hands 100,000s of people. With little or NO central control orregulatory agency to oversee the safe handling of your precious little ones andzeros of information. As it would seem Arson Wells was little late with histitle of 1984 . BIG BROTHER is INDEED WATCHING, US ALL and as it would seemour BIG BROTHER is alot bigger then Mr. Wells could have ever imagined. And thatour BIG BROTHER is EVERYWHERE! The 100,000s of people that do have thisinformation make up our modern BIG BROTHER in the form of governmentinstitutions to private advertising companies, these people are all thetrusted ones who use our information everyday for legal and useful purposesbut what about the others who use their skills and and knowledge to gain theirown personal and illegal access to these vast depositories of information?These individuals populariz ed and demonized by the media are often referred toas Hackers or One who obtains unauthorized if not illegal, access to computerdata systems and or networks. or the media definition maladjusted losersforming high-tech street gangs that are dangerous to society (Chicago Tribune,1989) Which ever one is best fitted they are indeed becoming a very seriousissue and worry to some in our ever and constantly changing American TechnoSociety. Because of the serious delection by our elected representatives whomhave valiantly once again failed to keep up with the ever changing times, thereis if any major or clear and easy to understand CONSTITUTIONAL (The recent 3to 1 over turn of the not only controversial but deemed UNconstituional lawculled the Communications Decency Act) laws as to the governing of the vastlywild and uncharted realms of cyberspace. The flagrant and serious if notslightly laughable attempts of our technologically illiterate and ignorantmasses of elected officials. Sends a cl ear S.O.S. message to the futuregenerations of America to not only LOCK you PHYSICAL DOORS but also LOCK anddouble LOCK all or your COMPUTER DOORS as well. In order for this society toevolve efficiently with our ever changing technology rate. We as the masses aregoing to have to keep abreast with the current events that are lurking out inthe depths of cyberspace. Before we, as a result of our inability to adapt andour arrogance and ignorance, are all products of our own technological overindulgence. So to avoid the tragic and ending collision of our own selfmanufactured technological self-destruction and the break-down of our society,in every tangible aspect, as we know of it today. .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .postImageUrl , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:visited , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:active { border:0!important; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:active , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critical Thinking EssayI believe that in the future we are headed towards you will see oursociety divided into Two major parts 1.) Those whom pose the knowledge andcapability to obtain the knowledge/information i.e.. the LITERATE and 2.)Those who dont pose the skills necessary to obtain that crucialknowledge/information, i.e.. the ROAD KILL Because in the future, the powerstructure will not be decided by who has the most guns or missiles or weaponsbut the powers structure will be made up of little tiny ones and zeros, bits ofdata giving to those whom ever poses the power of the knowledge and the power tomanipulate who has that knowledge. The rich and elitist will be thekno wledge posers and givers and the poor will be those with the lack ofknowledge. Knowledge will bring power and wealth and the lack of willbring..well the lack of power, wealth and knowledge. Sources1.Thesis by Gordon R. Meyer The Social Organization of the ComputerUnderground2.2600 Magazine The Hacker Quarterly3.The Codex Magazine Monthly Security and Technical Update. 4.Secrets of a Super Hacker by the Knightmare5.Personal Knowledge, Brandon Robinson

Apples Performance Management Methodology

Apples Performance Management Methodology Introduction Apple Inc. is a successful American company, which has been in existence since 1976 (Reuters, 2012, p. 1). Over a span of three decades, Apple Inc. has been able to establish itself as a force to reckon with in the electronics market. The company has received a lot of admiration (both locally and globally) after it was ranked by Fortune magazine as the most admirable company in America (in 2008), and the most admirable company globally (since 2009) (Reuters, 2012, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Apple’s Performance Management Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apple Inc has a global presence in 10 countries around the world and it runs 357 retail stores in these locations. Apple is engaged in the manufacture of hardware products such as Macintosh, portable music players, personal computers (PCs) and software, networking solutions, third party digital content and related software. The company’s most notable products include Macintosh computers, ipods, ipads and the Apple TV. Apple’s online presence is also firm, especially with the existence of a virtual marketplace where the company sells digital content through App store, itunes, iBookstore among other online platforms (Reuters, 2012, p. 1). This paper critically evaluates Apple Inc. to establish its trends in training and how such a critical component of the company’s existence can be improved. To accomplish this objective, this paper assesses existing training strategies and identifies the most appropriate training strategy for Apple Inc. In addition, this paper evaluates the best ways the above strategy can be supported and implemented in the organization. Since employee performance is a critical component of Apple’s success, this paper also develops an outline of a learning, motivation, and performance improvement strategy for the company. To do this effectively, existing the ories (associated with learning, motivation, and employee performance) will be evaluated. Training Trends Different companies adopt different training trends depending on their objectives, capabilities and organizational structures. However, existing training trends fall within the confines of a few training methodologies used by most companies today. A notable trend in training is the multimedia and online training method, which many virtual companies have adopted (Heathfield, 2010, p. 2). However, like other training methodologies, the multimedia and online training methodology has different advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is the fact that it is relatively inexpensive and easy to manage. However, the multimedia and online training method has a high dropout rate (because it is often self-managed) and it has a high inability to develop an effective interface for the trainers and the trainees (Heathfield, 2010, p. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on business econ omics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Performance consulting is also another emerging trend, which is being quickly adopted by major companies across the globe as a credible training methodology. Few companies around the world are therefore adopting trainer-led and generic methodologies for improving their human capital because the focus is currently shifting towards providing a comprehensive and all-rounded review of human capital training. Heathfield (2010) explains that, â€Å"Alternatives to training offered by progressive human resource departments include coaching, organizational development or planned change consultation and interventions, facilitated planning sessions and large group processes† (p. 3). Often, these types of training are highly programmed to incorporate the overall direction of the business and its goals. However, for purposes of identifying the right training strategy for Apple Inc., it is vi tal to point out the performance management training methodology as an important training technique for the technological company. The main advantage that Apple Inc. stands to benefit from this training methodology is the integration of the human capital development into the overall performance management system of the company (Heathfield, 2010, p. 2). This performance criterion eliminates the traditional practice of undertaking performance appraisals at least once a year. The performance management methodology also provides increased opportunities for personal and professional development. Furthermore, this training methodology is superior to other training methodologies because it is holistic. It includes the input of peers, staff members and management. Employees are therefore able to receive constant feedback from the most important stakeholders in their journey to employee excellence. To explain this training methodology, Heathfield (2010) elaborates that, â€Å"The performanc e management system also integrates a performance development plan for the individual. This plan assists the employee to continue to develop his skills and abilities. For these plans, preference is accorded to integrated corporate university courses and internally custom designed and presented training† (p. 3). In 1995, the US government used the performance management technique to improve its regulations and to provide a sound management criterion for its employees. During the implementation process, it was observed that the new training methodology should not clash with existing government programs (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Apple’s Performance Management Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Throughout the entire process, it was also observed that, communication within the organization improved, everybody understood the rules, and there was bet ter recording of government programs (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2011). These were commendable outcomes of the performance management process. Support for Training Initiative Support for the performance management program can be offered in several ways. However, most of the expectations for supporting the training program rest with the company’s management. Apple Inc. has had a good record of supporting productive employee initiatives and therefore, this understanding is expected to provide a good platform for future support initiatives. However, the most important and open way that the company’s management can support the performance management training initiative is providing the required financial support for the program. Providing adequate financing will go a long way towards ensuring the entire training process is a success. In fact, the realization of commendable program outcomes rest with proper financing (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2011). An other area of support that the organization can adopt is opening up more opportunities for employee professional growth. These opportunities for growth can be manifested through promotions, wage or salary increases, increased responsibilities (and the likes). This window of support is vital for the survival of the program management technique because it would be fruitless for the employees to undergo a rigorous employee-training program without realizing its rewards. Moreover, it is in the best interest of Apple Inc. to create more opportunities for employee growth (within the organization) because if they fail to do so, their trained employees may decide to pursue other growth opportunities in other companies. Providing the right support for the training program is therefore of utmost importance. Outline for Learning, Motivation, and Performance Improvement For purposes of developing an outline for learning, motivation and performance improvement for Apple Inc., we will rely on Mas low’s hierarchy of needs because it defines the need theories of motivation. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs stipulates that some form of deficiency (in the employees’ personal or professional lives) motivate employees to work harder (Koontz, 2006, p. 290). Though other theories such as the scientific management approach emphasize on financial and other forms of material rewards as the main motivators for employees, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is more holistic and encompasses different aspects of employee lives. This is the main justification for the use of this theory.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the above facts, it is important to outline the learning, motivation and performance improvement strategies on the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs) (Koontz, 2006, p. 290). In designing the training program, the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs need to be highlighted in the program. It is also equally important for Apple’s management to realize at which point of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs do their target employees stand so that they identify the right motivations for the employees. Once management has identified which level of need their employees are in, they can introduce a higher level of need to motivate the employees to attain a higher level of satisfaction. For instance, once Apple’s management has identified that their employees have satisfied the physiological level of need, they may introduce some elements of safety in the training program to motivate their employees to continue with the program. This outline is therefore set to ensure employees feel satisfied with the entire program Conclusion After weighing the findings of this study, it is important to note that, the performance management methodology is likely to improve Apple’s chances of developing highly effective employees. However, the realization of this goal depends on the financial and logistical support of management towards the program. Nonetheless, the program can significantly improve the odds of the technological giant to realize effective organizational success (at least with respect to its human capital). References Heathfield, S. (2010). Training  Trends. Web. Koontz, H. (2006). Essentials Of Management. London: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Reuters. (2012). Apple Inc. Web. U.S. Office of Personnel Management. (2011). Performance Management. Web.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Leadership - Essay Example As mentioned above, schools obviously function as an open system, taking input from the environment, putting it through a transformative process and producing the changed product back into the environment. The second major frameworks schools function in is rational. A rational system is a system which attempts to achieve a specific goal with maximum efficiency. Though schools have a wide variety of goals, they are often very specific: they want to educate students to the point that they meet required standards (whether the standards are set by a school board, an accredited body, or the school itself). They seek to give students a balanced life, by providing access to education (in the form of physical education classes) and food along with academic pursuits. So clearly schools meet the first part of the definition of a rational system: they have specific goals. Schools also try to meet these goals in as efficient methods as possible; they employ teachers with enough experience to cov er multiple subject areas (such as physical education and another subject), they try to economize by using textbooks which will not become outdated quickly or can be used for multiple classes. So clearly they meet the second definition of a rational system.

The legal system and its structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The legal system and its structure - Essay Example The market for legal and judicial services revolves around the function of these courts. Legal and judicial assistance is required by individuals as well as businesses to resolve issues in their daily lives. The legal services industry in the UK includes solicitor firms’, barrister chambers, representative groups, regulators as well as businesses outside of the legal profession that provide consultancy services to individual and corporate clients. The legal service market in the UK generated revenues over  £14.3 billion in 2005 and continues to show potential for growth (Business and Consumer Services). But growth does not necessarily mean in terms of revenues for the industry to grow, it must improve upon its existing infrastructure and provide people with better opportunities and results. These markets are inefficient because of numerous reasons, the most important one’s are as follows.Reasons for inefficient marketsThe most important reason for inefficiency of the market is the high levels of profitability by mid-tier firms. Since firm’s charge a lot more than they should and without proper competition from other law firms the market suffers from imperfect competition. Another factor that accounts for inefficiency is the lack of review of business models for individual law firms, law firms that were established a long time ago still rely on the same business models as they did half a century ago. Another reason that contributes to inefficiency is the traditional approach of large law firms.

Utilitarianism and Greatest Happiness Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism and Greatest Happiness Essay Utilitarianism begins with the work of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), an English political and social reformer. Educated at Oxford, Bentham eventually headed up a small group of thinkers called the â€Å"Philosophical Radicals. † This group, which included James Mill (father of John Stuart Mill, more on him later), was dedicated to social reform and the promulgation of Bentham’s ideas. Bentham based utilitarian ethics on the so-called â€Å"greatest happiness principle,† an idea originally enunciated by Frances Hutcheson (16941746), one of the founders of the Scottish Enlightenment. Put simply, Bentham believed that the goal of ethics was to promote â€Å"the greatest happiness of the greatest number. † Interestingly enough, Bentham went on to say that happiness consists in experiencing more pleasures than pains. That is, Bentham connects the welfare of the greatest number to a hedonistic view that values pleasure over pain. He then constructed what he termed a â€Å"hedonistic calculus† as an objective measure of the value of various pleasures or pains in terms of such categories as â€Å"intensity, duration, certainty, proximity, productiveness, purity, and extent. † Using such quantitative measures, Bentham felt he could calculate the â€Å"happiness factor† of various proposed courses of action. The action promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number in a particular situation would be morally best. Notice two things about Bentham’s approach. First, implicit in his argument is the belief that the only way to measure the moral worth of an action is to evaluate its consequences: Will it produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number or not? Whatever does produce the greatest happiness in a particular situation, Bentham claims, will be morally correct. Second, the contrast to Kant could not be more clear. For Kant, the moral worth of an action lies strictly in the motive for taking the action, never its consequences. Only a good will, properly apprehending its duty through use of the categorical imperative and then acting to fulfill that duty, is capable of performing a morally good action. Bentham himself was an ardent political reformer, arguing tenaciously for a number of, what were for the day, radical views, including equality for women, prison reform, decriminalization of homosexuality, and animal rights. The more philosophical development of his ethical ideas fell to his followers, particularly James Mill and, later, Mill’s son John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). The younger Mill, aggressively educated by his father from ages three to fourteen, grew to be one of the 2 great thinkers of the nineteenth century. In the process, John Stuart Mill considerably refined Bentham’s utilitarianism. Writing in his 1861 essay Utilitarianism, Mill modifies Bentham’s view of pleasure and pain. Bentham had sought to distinguish pleasures and pains quantitatively (e. g., more or less intense, more or less in duration, more or less in extent, etc. ). Mill, by contrast, sought to include qualitative features, arguing, for instance, that the experience an intellectual or aesthetic pleasure (like reading a good book) might be more pleasurable than the physical pleasure of something like a good meal. Mill otherwise seeks to defend Bentham’s basic ideas. In doing so, Mill tries to resolve a conflict in Bentham’s thought. This conflict arises because of a difference between Bentham’s account of (1) hedonism for the individual and (2) hedonism as an ethical theory. An individual acts, Bentham says, solely out of a desire for happiness (i. e. , more pleasures than pains). This account could be termed descriptive in that it claims to explain why a person acts. But according to hedonism as an ethical theory, however, the individual should seek â€Å"the greatest happiness of the greatest number. † This view is not descriptive, but normative because it tells what the individual should do. This conflict leads to two problems. The first is obvious: if each individual is motivated to act to attain personal happiness, then why would that person have any concern to promote the welfare of others? The second is more theoretical: How to get from a descriptive theory of how individuals act to a normative theory of why individuals should all seek â€Å"the greatest happiness of the greatest number. † To solve the first problem, Mill introduces the idea of external and internal sanctions. These sanctions serve for Mill as the bridge between the world of the individual and the larger social universal of which we are all a part. External sanctions, for example, are social rules and laws that reward or punish persons for particular actions. Individuals view these sanctions in terms of their potential for pleasure or pain and adjust their future behavior accordingly. Mill’s view of internal sanctions is different. There, he sounds a bit like Hume, arguing that obeying a moral law produces a feeling of pleasure (and disobeying such a law produces a feeling of pain). Such feelings can, in turn, be can be observed to develop (in some people, at least) into a deep sympathy for others, thus illustrating the operation of the â€Å"greatest happiness principle† from within such persons. For such persons, their own happiness may truly depend on the happiness of others, which seems 3 to show that the individual desire for happiness can be reconciled with the theoretical demand that individuals act for the welfare of all. Why such connection might occur in some individuals rather than in others remains a question. At this point, contrasting Mill with Hume is instructive. Mill argues that, as can be observed, individuals develop a sense of pleasure or pain associated with obeying or disobeying moral laws and that, at least for some, those pleasures and pains become the basis for a sympathetic connection with others. Hume argues that such sympathetic connection is natural. By growing up in a human society, we intuitively learn to associate a feeling of moral pleasure with some acts and moral pain with others. Thus, for Hume, sentiment (or the particular feelings associated with moral or immoral acts) is a normal part of human development; whereas, for Mill, internal sanctions—and the role of the â€Å"greatest happiness principle†can be observed in people’s behavior, but a general theory of why people do this is lacking. Another place where a general theory is lacking is in the second problem described above: How to get from a descriptive theory of how individuals act to a normative theory of why individuals should all seek â€Å"the greatest happiness of the greatest number. † Mill argues here that there is no way to prove such a first principle as the â€Å"greatest happiness principle. † Indeed, he says, â€Å"No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. † Since Mill’s time, utilitarianism has been widely debated, and an interesting distinction has emerged between Bentham and Mills theories. For Bentham, what makes an action right depends upon whether it contributes to the greatest happiness of the greatest number. That is, Bentham focuses on the happiness-producing potential of each individual action. We can call this act-utilitarianism. Mill, to some extent, seems to subscribe to this view, but he also at points takes a position we might call rule-utilitarianism. From this viewpoint, the morality of an action does not depend on whether it actually produces the greatest happiness; rather, what counts is whether the rule that the action exemplifies in fact satisfies the need for the greatest happiness of the greatest number. These two forms of utilitarianism continue to be debated by ethicists today. To illustrate the distinction between these two forms of utilitarianism, consider the following case. Suppose that a person unknowingly carried a deadly, highly contagious disease. An act-utilitarian might argue that we would be justified in killing such an individual to protect society from the disease (and thereby promote the greatest 4 happiness of the greatest number). A rule-utilitarian, on the other hand, might point out that the rule or principle involved in such an act (that we might kill someone when we found it in the best interest of the greatest number) should be rejected because it was, in fact, a dangerous rule and could ultimately lead to diminishing the greatest happiness of all. (Incidentally, you may have noticed that the rule-utilitarians position is reminiscent of Kant. ) In conclusion, the utilitarian viewpoint championed by Bentham and refined by John Stuart Mill has come to be one of the two major schools of ethical thought among academic philosophers in the United States and elsewhere. Its major competition, of course, comes from Kant’s deontological ethics. It is worth mentioning as well that utilitarianism has also had a powerful impact outside ethical circles. Remember that Bentham himself was primarily a liberal political reformer, so it is fitting that politics and public policy are also areas in which reasoning about the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number† continues to widely practiced.

The Origin of Life :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

How life arose is a question that is fundamental to both philosophy and science. Responses to it enable one, in turn, to answer such questions as, â€Å"Who am I?†, â€Å"Why am I here?†, and â€Å"How do I make sense of this world?† This secondary set of questions can be answered in a myriad of ways for a variety of reasons, but the answer to the first question has only two responses. As Douglas Futuyuma says, â€Å"Creation and evolution, between them, exhaust the possible explanations for the origin of living things† (197). Either we are the product of the chemical and physical laws of nature operating over time, or we have been formed, at least in part, by some supernatural Force or Deity. The acceptance of one of these options as a foundation will determine how one will establish a belief system to determine his place in the world. This is a matter of crucial importance, yet in most biology classes offered at U.C. Davis, we learn that life c ame from nonlife by strictly natural (as opposed to supernatural) processes. The possibility that perhaps the origin of life cannot be explained by a natural mechanism is ignored, and this is disturbing. For if we limit what explanations we are willing to accept for the origin of life, we could be closing our eyes to reality. Francis Crick, co-discoverer of DNA, has said that â€Å"the origin of life appears to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have to be satisfied to get it going† (Horgan 27).2 Noted evolutionary astronomer Frederick Hoyle has described the chances of life having evolved from nonlife to be about as likely as the chances that â€Å"a tornado sweeping through a junkyard might assemble a Boeing 747 from the materials therein† (Johnson 106). Why do respected scientists doubt what textbooks teach as fact? It would appear that these scientists know something that current theories describing the origin of life fail to explain. While current theories describe scenarios in which genetic material such as RNA becomes entrapped in a protective cell membrane as a likely recipe for the formation of life, they generally do not focus on the difficulties of forming and concentrating all of these components in the first place.3 To clarify, current theories suffer from what I call the â€Å"cookbook mentality.

Fulcher of Chartes:Pope Urban’s Speech at Clermont Essay

8.4 Fulcher of Chartres, â€Å"Pope Urban II’s Speech at Clermont† As the crusades began, Christians gathered to hear the insightful speech given by Pope Urban II in which he was able take unruly knights and give them a common enemy to fight. The enemies were the Muslims and Turks who were attacking the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Land. Urban II’s speech gave insights to the knightly class who were engaging in warlike tendencies and encouraged them to help people in need. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II began his influential speech to the church officials and nobles who were in attendance. In the beginning of his speech, Urban II said that he was given permission by God to come and speak to them about what was going on. The situations that were going on in the Christian society included the knightly class fighting each other, raping young women, robbing the churches, and other unseemly activities. Pope Urban II told them that in order to become â€Å"frien ds† with God, they would have to do things that were pleasing to God. These included leaving all matters that revolved around the church to the leaders of the church, and if they [the knights] were to rob the leaders of the church they will be cursed. At this point of his speech Pope Urban II is building up to the main reason for this call to order. Urban II informed his audience that the people of the Byzantine Empire were in need of their help, and it was their duty to help them. He explained to his listeners that the Turks and the Arabs have conquered the Byzantine Empire and taken over the Christian lands. Pope Urban II told the people that Christ commands them to help the Byzantine Empire regardless of their social class. â€Å"On this account I, or rather the Lord beseech you as Christ’s heralds† (358). Pope Urban II went on to say that whoever was to die in battle or die in any other kind of way, they would receive forgiveness for their sins. This is saying that no matter what they have done in the past, they would be forgiven for it all. Urban II continued to convince the people at his speech to help the Byzantine Empire defeat the Turks and Arabs and win back the Christian territory. This would lead to what is now called the First  Crusade. Crusade began in the fall of 1096 in Constantinople where crusaders gathered. The crusaders included the knights and people of Byzantine Empire. The Crusaders began to march through territories controlled by the Turks and Arabs which included Edessa and Antioch. They continued to head to Jerusalem in June 1099. The crusaders the n proceeded on a â€Å"five-week siege of Jerusalem† which fell in July of 1099. Crusaders then took over cities along the Mediterranean coast and built â€Å"fortified castle all over the Holy Land to protect their new territories† (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History). The crusaders defeated the Egyptian relief army in August 1099. Pope Urban II died on July 29, 1099 and was not able to see the victory of reclaiming Jerusalem. Fulcher of Chartres clearly exemplified that he was bias towards Pope Urban II’s speech. Although he was there to hear the speech, he did not record the speech until years later. This proves that he truly believed in what Pope Urban II was protesting. Not only did Urban II’s speech help to reclaim the Christian lands, it also encouraged the knightly class and others listeners to reconnect with God’s laws and commandments. The First Crusades were not the ending of the battles, there was a second and third crusade. The crusaders failed in the second crusade, and had a dismal failure in the third crusade. These battles show that the Christian warriors had wanted to have what was rightfully Christ’s, and would not stop at any cost until they had it. Works Cited Chartres, Fulcher Of, trans. â€Å"Pope Urban II’s Speech at Clermont† p. 357-359 Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Department of Medieval Art and The Cloisters. â€Å"The Crusades (1095–1291)†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm (October 2001)

William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essays - 1958 Words

In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the color pink is hard to overlook. Throughout the text there is pink mentioned at virtually every turn: The pink platform, cream-pink conch, pink mountain, pink faces of the children, pink pig, etc. This color represents a vast amount including, This color represents compassion, nurturing and love. It relates to unconditional love and understanding, and the giving and receiving of nurturing. (Judy Scott Kennis, The Color Pink) Pink further details, Brighter pinks are youthful, fun, and exciting...† (Kate Smith, All About the Color Pink) With so many meanings, however, the primary symbolism of this color lies with the utter youth of the children, the characters of Goldings novel; many of the†¦show more content†¦William Golding has the wisdom that all humans are capable of evil, having this notion cultivated through the trails of war. Golding began his military career in the Royal Navy, temporarily abandoning his teaching professi on, in 1940. Eventually rising to a ranking of lieutenant, Golding experienced much of World War II at sea. He participated in many campaigns such as the sinking of the Bismarck and aided in the sinking and downing of many submarines and planes. His experiences of warfare lead Golding to state, I began to see what people were capable of doing. Anyone who moved through those years without understanding that man produces evil as a bee produces honey, must have been blind or wrong in the head. (Sir William Gerald Golding. 2014.). Golding promptly returned to his teaching and writing in 1945, where he shortly began writing Lord of the Flies. Utilizing influence from both his experiences in the war and his experiences from teaching unruly children, Golding builds his story with the idea that all humans, regardless of age, are capable of inhumanity. The beginning of the story lands the group of children survivors on a deserted island in the middle of the ocean, where they treat their plans for survival just as they would imaginative adventures in their parent’s backyard. Ralph was the first to rise and venture out after the plane wreck, who was then quickly introduced to PiggyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesever since they were born, or would they disregard all of it and do as they please because there is no definite authority figure to tell them how to live. In William Goldings, The Lord of the Flies, he brilliantly tells a story of life and death and everything in between. His use of symbolism with the conch, beast, and lord of the flies is phenomenal. It is a story that makes you think. Every person, when faced with reality, may act civil now, but in a survival situation, human nature takes overRead MoreAllegories In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies885 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesrevolutionized his field with his model of the human psyche. According to his model, the mind is divided into three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. William Golding’s allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, employs these three aspects of the psyche through intricate characterization representing the concepts of id, ego, and superego. Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young British boys who are stranded on an island in the South Pacific. They become trapped when their plane is shot downRead MoreWilliam Goldings The Lord of the Flies1027 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish author William Gerald Golding wrote Lord of the flies as his first novel in 1954. 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We will look at some of the prominentRead MoreEssay William Goldings Lord of the Flies1768 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies The first chapter of the novel, The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding is effective in establishing the characters, concerns and language for the remainder of the book, as well as introducing the main themes of the novel; that the problems in society are related to the sinful nature of man and good verses evil. In Golding’s first chapter, the main characters are introduced, we see many ominous signs of what’s to come through the authors choice of languageRead MoreEssay William Goldings Lord of the Flies4998 Words   |  20 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding tells the story of a group of boys on an island left out to self survive. The time was World War II when the plane the boys were in was shot down leaving young survivals on a deserted island without any adults. The whole story is about what happens during their stay on the island representing metaphoric ideas of humanity in each incident as Golding describes. Golding has reportedly said that he wroteRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance and an In-depth look in the characters of this story In viewing the aspects of the island society, the author William Goldings Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society. He chooses to set the children alone in an unsupervised world, leaving them to learn the ways of the world in a natural setting first hand. Many different perspectives can also be considered. Goldings island of marooned youngsters becomes a microcosm. The island represents the individual human and the various charactersRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Everything is breaking up. I dont know why. - Ralph What is going wrong on the island and why? The group of evacuees, all boys roughly aged between five and twelve, is dividing into two sets of people, each following either the ideal of civilisation, or the ideal of savagery. At the beginning of the novel, every boy, conditioned by society, was following the ideal of civilisation, that being the only ideal they knew. HoweverRead MoreAnalysis of William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of William Goldings Lord of the Flies Civilization is the progress toward a society of privacy. The savages whole existence is public, ruled by the laws of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from men. (Ayn Rand) This quote explains this story, Lord of the Flies, in many ways. This book is about a plane full of boys escaping from the war happening in there society but unfortunately got shot and crashed down on an island. This plane contains boys coming back