Video Game Violence Essay -- Legal Issues, Violent Video Games

impression Game Violence Does Not Cause Violent TendenciesAn In-Depth Look at exposure Game Violence and its Positives set upOn Tuesday, November 2, while the rest of the country was voting, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in Schwarzenegger v. EMA, the landmark trip in which the state of calcium is petitioning for the re-instatement of a California law banning the sale of deviant or morbid violent picture gimpys to minors (Macris). This slip of paper is a current exercise of the opponents of word picture games trying to rise video games be a bad influence on children and teenagers. Violent video game opponents have always seek to disprove the positive effects of video games. They also have been known to make up and mislead with tales of terrible view effects. This essay leave alone prove to the reader that many of these various statements against video games and their creators are false. Contrary to opposition arguments, video games actua lly present benefits to gamers by cut back stress, providing entertainment, and helping to develop demand that could not otherwise be achieved through conventional means. This essay will attempt to prove, that statements made regarding the inappropriateness of video games are untrue. The advantage of playing video games can be proven in their ability to enhance learning, hand-eye coordination, and this in turn can enable children and teenagers to do cleanse in school. Violent video games can help overcome anxiety by providing entertainment without leaving the house, taking everyday stresses out on the characters in the game instead of veritable life, takes the adolescents minds off worries and stress of the outside world, and encourages children to stay out of trouble. Video games c... ... methodologies and the intrusion of ideology and scientific article of faith (Ferguson 11). Violent Video Games do not cause increased violent tendencies in youth and adolescents due to the fact violent video games have been round for long time and in those years violence caused by teens have actually been dropping rather than increasing. Also, violent video games have been shown through research that the negatives are highly outweighed by the positives. Also, with the mental home of interactive gaming there are a new range of possibilities for violent video games. Such as send a message to children or so healthy activities by getting them off of the couch. So hope overflowingy in five years violent video games will have moved to full interactive gaming so that it looks more real-life, but more importantly that it will still be a throw of media that helps to relive personal stress. Video Game Violence Essay -- Legal Issues, Violent Video GamesVideo Game Violence Does Not Cause Violent TendenciesAn In-Depth Look at Video Game Violence and its Positives EffectsOn Tuesday, November 2, while the rest of the country was voting, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in Schwarzenegger v. EMA, the landmark case in which the state of California is petitioning for the re-instatement of a California law banning the sale of deviant or morbid violent video games to minors (Macris). This case is a current example of the opponents of video games trying to prove video games are a bad influence on children and teenagers. Violent video game opponents have always tried to disprove the positive effects of video games. They also have been known to make up and mislead with tales of terrible side effects. This essay will prove to the reader that many of these various statements against video games and their creators are false. Contrary to opposition arguments, video games actually present benefits to gamers by reducing stress, providing entertainment, and helping to develop motivation that could not otherwise be achieved through conventional means. This essay will attempt to prove, that statements made regarding the inappr opriateness of video games are untrue. The advantage of playing video games can be proven in their ability to enhance learning, hand-eye coordination, and this in turn can enable children and teenagers to do better in school. Violent video games can help overcome anxiety by providing entertainment without leaving the house, taking everyday stresses out on the characters in the game instead of real life, takes the adolescents minds off worries and stress of the outside world, and encourages children to stay out of trouble. Video games c... ... methodologies and the intrusion of ideology and scientific dogma (Ferguson 11). Violent Video Games do not cause increased violent tendencies in youth and adolescents due to the fact violent video games have been around for years and in those years violence caused by teens have actually been dropping rather than increasing. Also, violent video games have been shown through research that the negatives are highly outweighed by the positives. A lso, with the introduction of interactive gaming there are a new range of possibilities for violent video games. Such as sending a message to children about healthy activities by getting them off of the couch. So hopefully in five years violent video games will have moved to full interactive gaming so that it looks more real-life, but more importantly that it will still be a form of media that helps to relive personal stress.

Movie Essay - Irony and Insanity in Francis Ford Coppola’s Film, Apocal

Irony and Insanity in Apocalypse Now This is end of sanity. As Francis Ford Coppola suggests in Apocalypse Now, sanity is not the path that would have settled the Vietnam conflict. Rather, through the character of Walt Kurtz, Coppola illustrates the means by which the U.S. Army could have headstrong the end of the war. Walter Kurtz is a psychopath. Walter Kurtz achieves success in Vietnam. Here lies the irony that Coppola brilliantly conveys. Thousands of troops arrived weekly in Vietnam without the proper arsenal of faculties that one needs to suffice the actions essential to success in Vietnam. The boys be not insane enough to win. However, Kurtz, through his psychopathic tendencies, achieve success repeatedly in jungle combat. He was winning the war his own way. In order to diagnose an individual with psychopathic deviance, or psychopathy, the individual must demo behaviors that reveal four record characteristics. Psychopaths are impulsive, manipulative, anti-social and pathagnomic (Hare and Shalling 5). The anti-social trait does not signify introversion. Rather, it refers to anti-social behaviors. Pathagnomy indicates the lack of a conscience. An individual who has no conscience can not discern between right and wrong. Psychopaths display antisocial behavior and impulsiveness (Hare and Schalling 17). Antisocial behavior is determined as activities not appropriate to the accepted functioning of ones social relationships with ones surroundings (Hare and Schalling 37). Kurtz performs antisocial behaviors impulsively. Those evaluating Kurtzs behavior collectible to their social appropriateness are his superiors. General Corman determines that his actions are not acceptable in the circumst... ...uding antisocial behavior, manipulativeness, lack of conscience and impulsiveness, provide the most efficient manner in which to dominate and eliminate any opposition. Such initiative offers soldiers a means to survive and the U.S. government victory. The process, as Coppola explicates, is futile. Young boys become confused, frenzied, mad. Young boys are reinforced in a depraved manner. They receive rewards for their psychopathic deviancy with successful campaigns against the opposition. Kurtz understands this process and attempts to use it to his advantage in achieving success. Works Cited Hare, R. and Schalling, D. Psychopathic Behaviour Approaches to Research. mod York John Wiley and Sons. 1978. The editors of the Boston Publishing Company. The Vietnam Experience War in the Shadows. Boston Boston Publishing Company. 1988.

Sports And Money :: essays research papers

Anywhere you look today you can see Mark McGwire hitting a family unit run, or Kobe Bryant dunking over someone. Every time someone watches television or reads a newspaper these, and many other, supporters can be found. Professional sports are all around us theyre a part of our culture. But, in the last few decades some changes have started to take place. As the popularity of professional athletics has increased, so has the damage to render them and their players salaries. Many of the contracts signed today are for millions of dollars. This is unreasonably exorbitant for doing something gaiety. These days sports are centered around money and not focused on the love for the game and entertaining the fans.Some economists argue the point that major league sports, their products, players, and stadiums endow millions of dollars to our economy. This is true, but the fine print that goes along with it is often overlooked. Stadiums, for example, cost millions of dollars to build, maintai n, etc. The bills to do this are provided by the tax paying citizens of that city. Many teams then, in return, relocate to other cities in search of more money and better facilities. This is no way to reward fans for years of loyal support. There are many programs, scholarships, foundations, etc. formed by many players and organizations though. These are good ways to conk back to the communities that sustain them and use their grand salaries in a nice, resourceful manner.Now the major appeal of playing in the big leagues is landing big contracts and getting endorsements instead of a higher, superior level of competition. A prime example of this is Elton Brand, who bypassed his junior and senior year at Duke to go directly to the NBA. Another athlete looking for a big paycheck is Kevin Brown, who recently signed a $105 million dollar contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. This is an outrageous remuneration for someone that plays a game. Not only are athletes overpaid, many ignore the rules of etiquette that come along with being in the major leagues.

Psychology of Homophobia/Sexual Prejudice Essay -- Homophobia Sex Prej

Psychology of Homophobia/Sexual PrejudiceSociety began to rethink homosexuality in the 1960s when heterosexual psychologist George Weinberg coined the term homophobia. Weinberg use the term to label heterosexuals fear of being in contact of homosexuals as well as the self-loathing of homosexuals, meaning that homosexuals hated themselves for being gay. As of the new millennium, in that location has been a new special term that has been born to define the fear, hate and disgust that people show towards anyones sexual orientation called sexual prejudice. handle other types of prejudice, there are three main principals that surround sexual prejudice it is an attitude, it is directed at social groups and its members, and it is negative as involving hostility or dislike. As time goes by there has been differing perspectives on sexual prejudice (homophobia). In an interview with Karen Franklin, a forensic psychologist and former criminal investigator, which was conducted by phosphate buf fer solutions program FRONTLINE, reveals her interest and perspective on anti-gay hate crimes that relate to homophobia. Franklin has interviewed multiple perpetrators of anti-gay hate crimes and with San Francisco Bay Area College students that has lead to the production of important selective information of the nature and extent to the negative reactions to gays. When Karen Franklin was asked, What makes a person become a gay basher? she answered, there is no simple answer to that question. Franklin explains that for a person to arrange any violent act one must have had something influence them to be violent and the fact that a gay person is being targeted is some other motivation. She explains that there are several motivations for these acts. The first motivation is peer dynamics, in which a person tries to prove masculinity, or to prove heterosexuality, or just not to back down and let ones peers down. The next most common motivation she found was what she called anti-gay ide ology in which their reasons for their anti-gay feelings are based on morals or religion. Another common motivation was that a person might be thrill-seeking and trying to have a good time at someone elses expense. Franklin states that, in general, people are trying to endorse a cultural message that gay people are second family line citizens and are not worthy of respect. Franklin feels that this sexual prejudice is a c... ...use whether we know it or not, we all contribute in even the smallest ways to this fuss. For instance, when we go up to our male youth and ask them if they like any girls in their class or when we ask a female if she has a boyfriend, we are contributing to the problem in a subliminal and subconscious manner. We are sending a subliminal message to society we are trying to tell them who they are hypothetical to be. It is quite ironic to find that men hate gay men, although, at the same time they love and desire gay women and it is acceptable. Sexual prejudic e is very(prenominal) complex, confusing, wrong, misunderstood, and very harmful to society.References1.Internalized Homophobiahttp//www.lgcsc.org/internalized.html2.Psychological Perspective Henry Adamshttp//www.rtis.com/reg/bcs/pol/touchstone/november96/muehlen.htm3.The Mind of A Gay Basher Karen Franklinhttp//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/assault/interviews/franklin.html4.Bigots and Buggers Peter Tatcheellhttp//www.petertatchell.net/homophobia/bigots%20are%20buggers.htm5.American Psychological tie-up Henry Adamshttp//www.apa.org/releases/homophob.html

Religious Perspective of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Religious Perspective of Cloning Many questions ar raised about re-create a humans being. It has moral and estimable issues and their affect on our society. The real question is, what is it to be a human being? Most of the organized religions response to the issue of cloning is in an overwhelmingly negative fashion. They are not however directly eliminating the thought. Roman Catholics, Jewish, Protestants and other religions all carry diverse opinions but there overall conclusions are the same. Their concerns are for the preservation of human dignity and the individuals freedom. Cloning is not only wrong it totally goes against the religious and biblical principles that have been deeply rooted for many centuries and have been past on from our ancestors many years ago. Cloning is condemned because of the violation of our dignity. Most religions are cautious against applying the new technology to humans, but for varying reasons. Protestant godliness emphasizes the view that na ture is fallen and subject to improvement... But while they tend to support using technology to fix flaws in nature, Protestant theologians say cloning of humans crosses the line (Herbert, Sheler and Watson 62). There are so many possibilities that cloning brings about and most of them bring about nothing more than destruction of the human race. As we have known today and years ago, anything that is created with good intention will find it ways to destructive consequences. Religion has played a self-aggrandising part in our society today and will continue its role for many generations to follow. It is religion that provides us with moral and ethical senses. Once again we essential seek their guidance. Roman Catholic Church argues their religious and ethical viewpoints. Their views are based largely on the interpretation of the story of creation. The dignity that has bestowed on us from God and cloning will violate our dignity as Godchildren. We are solely responsible for maintaini ng and preserving what God has created. Cloned humans are manufactured in the visualise of existing people instead of created by a unique creative of God (Emig, Lau and Stone). Roman Catholics are strongly against any production of human cloning research, and believe an outright ban is needed. The Jewish on the other hand favor human cloning, with justifiable explanations. Their view on human cloning is based upon historical and religious writings that focus on human destiny.

Religious Perspective of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Religious Perspective of Cloning Many questions argon raised about cloning a human being. It has honorable and ethical issues and their affect on our society. The real question is, what is it to be a human being? Most of the organized religions response to the issue of cloning is in an overwhelmingly negative fashion. They are not however outright eliminating the thought. Roman Catholics, Jewish, Protestants and other religions all have diverse opinions but there overall conclusions are the same. Their concerns are for the preservation of human dignity and the individuals freedom. Cloning is not only wrong it totally goes once against the religious and biblical principles that have been deeply rooted for many another(prenominal) centuries and have been past on from our ancestors many years ago. Cloning is condemned because of the violation of our dignity. Most religions are cautious against applying the new technology to humans, but for varying reasons. Protestant theology emphas izes the view that nature is fallen and subject to improvement... But while they tend to support using technology to fix flaws in nature, Protestant theologians translate cloning of humans crosses the line (Herbert, Sheler and Watson 62). There are so many possibilities that cloning brings about and most of them bring about nothing more than decease of the human race. As we have known today and years ago, anything that is created with good intention will find it ways to destructive consequences. Religion has played a big part in our society today and will continue its role for many generations to follow. It is religion that provides us with moral and ethical senses. Once again we must seek their guidance. Roman Catholic Church argues their religious and ethical viewpoints. Their views are based largely on the interpretation of the story of creation. The dignity that has bestowed on us from God and cloning will violate our dignity as Godchildren. We are solely responsible for maint aining and preserving what God has created. Cloned humans are manufactured in the image of existing people instead of created by a unique creative of God (Emig, Lau and Stone). Roman Catholics are strongly against any production of human cloning research, and conceptualise an outright ban is needed. The Jewish on the other hand favor human cloning, with justifiable explanations. Their view on human cloning is based upon diachronic and sacred writings that focus on human destiny.

Inventory Accounting at Wal Mart Stores Essay

From the annual reports we can conclude that Wal-Mart ope counts its stores as mass discount retailers, carrying between 60,000 and 90,000 unalike trade in items in separately store. Wal-Mart purchases more than $22 billion in merchandise, turning its stocktaking over as often as 4.5 times per year. surface-to-air missile Club carries between 3,500 and 5,000 different merchandise items, acquiring more than $2.6 billion in merchandise. Wal Marts operations grew from 2003 to 2005. For example, the number of Wal-Mart stores increased and the number of Sams stores increased. WalMart utilized an extensive distribution and track outline to maintain optimal inventories at separately store. They use the retail last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory accounting method for the Wal-Mart Stores segment, bell LIFO for the SAMS order segment.For twain financial reporting and tax purposes, Wal Mart used the accrual method of accounting and maintained a eternal inventory system. Under the per petual inventory system, the cost or quantity of goods sold or purchased is contemporaneously recorded at the time of sale or purchase. The system continuously shows the cost or quantity of goods that should be on hand at any given time. WalMart performed strong-arm inventories to confirm the accuracy of the inventory as stated in the paroles, and made adjustments to the books to reconcile the book inventory with the animal(prenominal) inventory.WalMarts physiologic inventories were taken at its stores in rotation throughout the year. They did not take physical inventories during the holiday season (November, December, and the first week of January). WalMart refers to this technique, which is common in the retail industry, as cycle counting. Cycle counting is necessitated by the difficulty in conducting physical inventories at every store on the last day of the year. This technique also provides management with feedback on the effectiveness of its inventory management and facili tates the use of see personnel to conduct the physical inventories.Forty-five days prior to conducting a physical inventory in one of its stores, Wal-Marts internal audit department sends the store a preparation package, which included instructions on how to prepare for the physical count. Each physical count is then conducted by a police squad of independentcounters (18 to 40 persons) and representatives from Wal-Marts loss prevention department (1 to 2 persons), internal audit department (1 to 3 persons), and operations division (1 to 2 persons). Wal-Marts independent auditors, Ernst & Young, also sent representatives to randomly selected physical counts to test their accuracy. The independent counters generally counted every inventory item. The results of the physical count were then reconciled with the book inventory. The reconciliations is reviewed by Wal-Marts internal audit department. Generally, Wal-Mart does not record the results of a physical inventory in its books unt il the following month.Sams Club conducs its physical inventories in the same manner except that physical counts are usually taken twice a year and recorded the very next day. Sams also periodically conducted item audits, counting the goods on hand for a particular merchandise unit and recording those results the next day. The physical inventories of both Wal-Mart and Sams usually revealed shrinking.Shrinkage (or overage) is the difference between the inventory determined from the perpetual inventory records and the amount of inventory actually on hand. Because shoplifting reduces profits, WalMart has devoted extensive resources to monitoring and mitigating shrinkage. on that point are many causes of shrinkage, including employee theft, customer theft, vendor theft, damage, accounting and recording errors, errors in marking retail prices, cash memorial errors, markdowns taken and not recorded, errors in accounting for customer returns, and errors in accounting for vendor receipt s and returns.Because Wal Mart does not conduct a physical inventory at year-end, its perpetual inventory records do not account for any shrinkage that may have occurred during the period between the date of the last physical inventory and the taxable year-end. The parties refer to this period as the stub period. Left unadjusted, the book records could overstate income because the stub period shrinkage results in a belittle to endpoint inventory, thus increasing the cost of goods sold and reducing gross income.In adjusting its books to reflect stub period shrinkage, Wal-Mart estimatesstub period shrinkage for each store monthly by multiplying a retail shrinkage rate by the stores sales during that month. At new stores, the retail shrinkage rate fixed by management at 2% of sales. Wal-Mart used that fixed rate from the date the store opened until its first physical inventory. subsequently taking the first physical inventory at a new store, Wal-Mart computed a shrinkage rate for th at store by dividing the stores shrinkage at retail, as verified by the first inventory, by the stores sales for the period starting with the date the store opened and ending on the inventory date.Sams consistently estimates the stub period shrinkage at .2% of sales. That rate was determined by management based on their analysis of historical results from warehouse operations.Wal-Mart estimates shrinkage for each store, but not for each department within each store. It used a series of computations to assign the estimated stub period shrinkage to each department. Once these allocations were made, Wal-Mart used the adjusted ending inventory to make its LIFO computations, which were made on a division-wide institution and not at the individual store level. The practice of estimating shrinkage as a percentage of sales is prevalent in the retail industry. A bon ton may estimate year-end shrinkage if the estimate methodology (1) conforms to the best accounting practice in the trade or business and (2) clearly reflects income.There is nothing in WalMarts accounting for inventory that raise suspicion about their inventory not reflecting true numbers. Inventories are not recorded in unneeded of market value. Historically, they have rarely experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence or slow moving inventory. However, future changes in circumstances, such as changes in customer merchandise preference or unseasonable weather patterns, could cause the Companys inventory to be exposed to obsolescence or be slow moving.The inventory system is commonly revered as the finest in the retail industry and WalMart is perhaps the best example of the importance of a highinventory turnover rate to succeed in this industry. Increased turnover and increased sales at the same time thats great inventory management.

A Narrow Fellow in the Grass – 1

A Narrow Fellow in the Grass By Emily Dickinson. A Narrow Fellow in the Grass Is believed to have been written in 1865. About a year later it was published under the title The serpent by a journal called Springfield Republican. This poem express natures infamous creatures, the serpent. The poem is built around what appears to be and what is. This poem is meant to be read aloud and appreciated for its precision. Some would say A Narrow Fellow in the Grass is perhaps the most nearly perfect poem addressing nature. Also this poem itself has received a great deal of critical attention.In the opening lines, Dickinson cleverly states the subject of the poem, a serpent. She makes the snake hearty harmless. The term narrow Fellow is a nice form of colloquial language narrow meaning small, and fellow being a familiar term for boy or man. The choice of address she uses is also interesting like the word rides sounds like glides. It gives the impression that the snake is being carried, or that it is floating about. The words could also say torment, harass, of tease which would touch the snakes sly tempter.Also the snake seems to take people by surprise. Lines five through eight describes the way a snake moves through tall grass. The grass is compared to tomentum cerebri and the snake is compared to a comb. The snake is quick, long, slender, and marked with spots. The snake slanders along in a ghost like manner. In the lines following nine through xii the snake likes wet and mushy land. The corns dry environment is not suitable for the snakes wet environment therefore a snake will not be found in a corn field.The speaker mentions that he is barefoot in a childhood encounter, which the thought of a snake slithering crossways a humans bare skin makes many people cringe. The word barefoot makes the speaker seem even more vulnerable to the snakes potential threat. In lines thirteen through cardinalteen the speaker continues to talk about his childhood encounter and h e sees something that seems to be a whip-lash. He bends down to plunge up the whip just to find that it is slithering away. Oddly, the definition of wrinkle is a clever trick.In these lines he was tricked by the snake for it was not what it appeared to be. The assure of a snake wrinkling suggests the snake was frightened by the approach of the speaker. Also, in lines seventeen through twenty the speaker claims to have a connection to the outside and its animals. He feels close to these creatures and he describes this connection as a transport In lines twenty one through twenty four the speaker describes the aspect of an encounter with a snake as a moment of shock and fear.He mentions on how he had tighter breathing from the panic. Most people who has encountered with a snake has felt the fear and the panic. In the final line he describes the feeling with the metaphor zero at the bone referring to the bone chilling terror. The end suggest that the snake which is referred as har mless might possible be deceptive. The speaker, which suggest that he loves all animals, cannot love dangerous trickster the snake in the grass. The speaker reacts to the snake as if it were a living terror of the unknown, for it is both chilling and st artling.Dickinson wrote several riddle type poems, where she uses metaphor to compare her subject to something, without letting you know. Each stanza has clues in the form of imagery, pictures such as the grass as a comb. A Narrow Fellow in the Grass is written in six quatrains, or stanzas of four lines each, rhyming only in the second and fourth lines. Most of the rhythms are iambic, meaning the poem has regularly recurring segments, in which the first of all syllable is unstressed and the second is stressed. A Narrow Fellow in the Grass can be interpreted on several levels.It could be read as just a description of the snake. Also Dickinsons imagery can be read as sexually nuanced. Dickinsons poetic technique is very much an art fo rm she worked hard to refine and hone. The readers today can gain so much from Dickinson poems and her technique. She leaves so much unsaid, and yet, says so much with so little. Dickinson uses the device of sound throughout this poem hearing this poem is as important as seeing the words. Dickinson creates both a visual and an auditory image of the snake with her language.

GMO Labeling Essay

Nowadays, genetically modified regimen surrounds us all around the world and we dont even chicane it. This diet is composed of unnatural professionalducts. According to the website 20 interrogatives on genetically modified viandss, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be delimit as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does non occur naturally. This mingys that they be adjusting the intellectual nourishment in a certain way, making it unnatural. The GM crops currently on the market are mainly aimed at an increased level of crop protection through and through the introduction of resistance against plant diseases caused by insects or viruses or through increased tolerance towards herbicides (20 questions on genetically modified foods). genetically circumscribed foods are used to protect the consumers when it is time to eat the GMOs. Most of the time, we do not know what we are exactly eating so, there is still one question rema ining should it be required that Genetically Modified foods are noticeed as GMOs? There are few opinions suggested about this subject. Major proponents of the Genetically Modified food are for and few others are against. For example, they are for the good is denominate as GMOs because it gives the right of choice for the consumers if they want to consume the GMOs food or not. They do not feel like they have to check the label table on the back of the food package, if the GMOs is labeled. For instance, GMOs labeling would not be the best idea because it would make the consumers wondering if they are eating save food or not. The consumers might think that the food is not good for their health, as soon as they see on the package GMOs. In this paper, we ordain learn more about the pros and cons of the Genetically Modified foods.According to GMOs can contain some bacteria, which is not good for the consumers who want to eat a certain product with GMOs. The producers are using genes fr om plants and animals, which mean that the animals or plants can be contaminated, and be present in the food, eventually. It is a pro because when looking at the label and see GMOs, it is means that the specific food can contain bacteria from food or either plants. (Should government require that genetically modified food be labeled, 2010). Another reason wherefore labeling the GMO foods would be beneficial is because it wouldprevent some possible allergies, which is not something that anyone wants to deal with when it comes to food choice. According to 20 questions on genetically modified foods, The safety perspicacity of GM foods generally investigates (a) direct health effects (toxicity), (b) tendencies to provoke allergic reaction (allergenicity). Allergies can be really bad and it is something that consumers look at when they are grocery shopping, they want to make sure that no one in their family will be affected by the GMOs food (allergy). Another pro of labeling GMO food w ould be that it provides the choice to the consumer if they really want to consume the product or if they would prefer not to. It is a good way to check if you are willing to take the risk to eat a GMO product. It allows the consumers to take the right choice concerning the way they want to eat. (Should government require that genetically modified food be labeled, 2010).There are also negative arguments concerning if they should required a Genetically Modified goods labeled. According to Dagoberto (2013), labeling can also increase the non-GMOs foods labeling, which will create more food on the market. Because there is no label saying that the GMOs are present in the food, the consumers will have propensity to buy without asking any specific questions. But at the same time, it is easier for the consumers to make a choice if they should go for it or not. Increase of Non-GMOs food on the market is not very good because as we all know, we are producing too much food (overproduction), all around the world. Also, this brings the concern that consumers may not want to pay extra money that is typically requested of foods labeled as GMOs. It would cost more money to put the label on the package which means that the consumers would have to pay a little but more than expected. (Should governments require that genetically modified foods be labeled?, 2010). According to Labels for GMO Foods be a Bad Idea (2013), Instead of providing commonwealth with useful information, mandatory GMO labels would only intensify the misconception that so-called Frankenfoods endanger peoples health. Meaning that people will be confused even more because they would not know what GMOs really is. Maybe they would have fewer tendencies to buy the specific food because they do not trust the labeling on that says GMOs on the package.Personally, I believe that they should required that Genetically Modified foods are labeled as GMOs because I think that it is important to know if our food is g enetically modified. I would prefer to know if the food contains GMOs than not knowing. I think that the consumer should know what is present in their food. It is our right to know what our food contains and if we still want to buy it or not. Also, I would think that Genetically Modified foods labeled as GMOs would be good because it would prevent a lot of allergies. A lot of people are allergic to some Genetically Modified food and if there are nothing written on the package, it is clearly not good to not have something labeled as GMOs. For example, anyone in a family could be allergic to specific soy but if they are are no specific labeling on the package, it could have very bad impacts for the consumer who is allergic. Also because the GMOs would be labeled on the package, it would be easier to make a faster choice without looking for more information on the package than GMOs. Maybe some soul are looking only to buy Genetically Modified foods and it would be so much easier for t hem to just look at the package and see the label GMOs. All of these different examples and evidence are showing why I think that it should be required that Genetically Modified foods are labeled as GMOs.SourcesDagoberto, M. (2013, November). An urgent case for GMO labeling MA Right to Know GMOs. Retrieved February 12, 2014, from http//marighttoknow.com/home/why-label-gmos/an-urgent-case-for-gmo-labeling/ Debate Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods. Should governments require that genetically modified foods be labeled? (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2014, from http//http//dbp.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate_Mandatory_labeling_of_genetically_modified_foods/ Labels for GMO Foods Are a Bad Idea Scientific American. (2013, August 20). Retrieved February 12, 2014, from http//www.scientificamerican.com/article/labels-for-gmo-foods-are-a-bad-idea/ WHO 20 questions on genetically modified foods. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2014, from http//www.who.int/foodsafety/publicatio ns/biotech/20questions/en/

A fish in a pond

A angle in a pond is a prime example of an organism living in an ecosystem. There argon multiple biological and non-biological interactions occurring in a pond.The angle may interact with its own fish variety, with other fish species, with other vertebrates, non-vertebrates, plants and microorganisms. In addition, the fish may also interact with its environmentthe water, the fish bottom, the rocks and sand. The fishs well-being is affected by the amount of dissolved oxygen, the water temperature, salinity and amount of sunlight.Any instability or perturbation may affect the health of the fish. The fishs ecosystem is very similar to an individual who belongs to an plaque. That individual intermingles with other members of the group, at the same time interacts with the immediate environment of the government activity, be it an office cubicle, the entire workplace or the whole building complex.The members state of well-being is also influenced by the conditions of the place, such as the temperature, lighting, humidity, office furniture/amenities and space allotments. Poor ventilation and substandard lighting in the workplace may affect the skill of the member of the organization.There are both advantages and disadvantages in being a big fish in a little pond and a little fish in a big pond. It is good to be a big fish in a little pond because the big fish leave have a greater opportunity to survive in the little pond because it can eat the little fishes in the pond, as well as ingest most of the good seaweed in the area. For a top-rank authority member of a small organization, this individual will receive most of the recognition given over for the achievements the organization has made.That member will also receive a higher salary than the rest of the regular members of the organization because he is known to have the outflank qualities and capabilities in the organization. Just like a big fish in a little pond that has his own space or territory, the t op-rank member of the organization has a spacious office in the building with matching fine quality furniture and other amenities in his office space. Unfortunately, the big fish in the little is also the first fish that is usually caught by fishermen because its big size makes it very visible for capture.The same thing happens with the top-rank member of an organization, he is the first person to be blamed once a problem or financial crisis arises in the organization. The top-rank member is an easy sight because he represents the organization in almost every event or interaction with the rest of the business world.

Ethanol as a Fuel Source

Year 12 Chemistry Assessment Task 1 neutral spirits as an alternative fuel Melissa Weber 22/11/2010 Overview The commercial outturn of ethyl alcohol fuel in Australia is the use of incision cane and stubble using yeast in the fermentation process. Yeast is a fungus which can multiply in the absence of oxygen by using enzymes (e. g. zymase) to catalyse the depravation of sugars. Those sugars are sucrose or maltose. Suitable conditions The conditions that promote the fermentation of sugar are * A suitable micro-organism such as yeast * Water * A suitable temperature for the fermenting yeast Low oxygen concentrations favouring the fermenting yeast * A small amount of yeast nutrients such as phosphate salt. * erst the fermentation alcohol concentration reaches 14-15% by volume, the yeast can non survive, and the fermentation process stops. Costs Biomass fuels such as rice straw and sugar cane bagasse are world investigated as raw heartys for ethanol production but the trans portation make ups are very high and do non justify their use. Genetically modify crops are being analysed and this could provide a cheap source of biomass fuels for the production of ethanol.Production from Sugar Cane Sucrose extracted from sugarcane accounts for little more than 30% of the chemic energy stored in the mature plant 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left in the fields during harvest, and 35% are in the ropy material (bagasse) left over from pressing. Most of the industrial processing of sugarcane in Brazil is done through a very integrated production chain, allowing sugar production, industrial ethanol processing, and electricity generation from by-products.The typical steps for large scale production of sugar and ethanol include milling, electricity generation, fermentation, di silenceate of ethanol, and dehydration. Replacement for distillation With increasing attention being paid to saving energy, many rules surrender been proposed that avoid di stillation altogether for dehydration. Of these methods, a third method has emerged and has been adopted by the majority of modern ethanol plants. This new process uses molecular sieves to remove water from fuel ethanol.In this process, ethanol vapour under ram passes through a rump of molecular sieve beads. The beads pores are sized to allow absorption of water while excluding ethanol. After a period of time, the bed is regenerated under vacuum or in the flow of inert atmosphere to remove the absorbed water. Two beds are used so that one is purchasable to absorb water while the former(a) is being regenerated. This dehydration technology can account for energy saving of 3,000 btus/gallon (840 kJ/l) compared to earlier azeotropic distillation. .Diagrams DISTILLATION social organization FORMULAC6H12O6 gt 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH (ethanol) 180. 00g gt 88. 00g + 92. 00g Ethanol vs. Fuel Arguments for ethanol as a fuel Arguments against ethanol as a fuel It is a clean and efficient use of ene rgy. It is ofttimes safer whence petrol (Ethanol is biodegradable without harmful effects on the environment) and will greatly reduce the spread of pollution. Seeing that it is not a fossil-fuel, manufacturing it and burning it does not increase the greenhouse effect. Ethanol can reduce net railway carbon dioxide emissions by up to 100% on a full life-cycle basis. High-level ethanol blends can reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by 30% or more (VOCs are major sources of ground-level ozone formation) * High-level ethanol blends reduce nitrogen oxide emissions Ethanol is clean but it only produces two-thirds the energy of octane, hence more is needed It is a much healthier alternative for people * Sulphur dioxide and Particulate return (PM) emissions are significantly decreased with ethanol. As an octane enhancer, ethanol can cut emissions of cancer-causing benzene and butadiene by more than 50% * It provides high octane at low cost as an alternative to harmful fu el additives. * Ethanol can be used as an additive instead of lead which is a toxic pollutant in major cities. It will significantly reduces harmful exhaust emissions meaning more healthy in urban areas The increased need for land clearing for crops (sugar cane) has direct to huge problems of soil erosion, salination and the over use of water resources e. . Brazil It is renewable and relatively cheap to produce, whereas oil supplies are limited to perhaps 50-60 years petroleum reserves are depleting but new reserves are being found with sophisticated techniques Addition of ethanol to petrol reduces the amount of oxygen in combustion and reduces the emission of carbon. Ethanol blends can be used in all petrol engines without modifications The cost of producing ethanol in 2008 was twice the cost of petrol.Australia has a 10% blend which is competitive at the moment Ethanol can be produced anywhere in the world (Brazil, Tanzania, Australia) and will reduce the monopoly of Arab nations . As it is easily accessible for each country the difficulty and hazards in transporting will be reduced 80% of the worlds transport is dependent on fossil fuels. Changing to an ethanol base will be an economic nightmare Current use of ethanol Continent % of energy require supplied by biomass Continent % of energy needs supplied by biomass Australia 5% Oceania 35%Africa 55% North America 4% South America 26% Europe 2-3% Asia 38% former USSR 3% Sydney buses have trialled the use of Diesohol. Diesohol is a mixture of 10-15% ethanol in diesel fuel it has been made possible by the development of a process which emulsifies the ethanol in the diesel. Using Diesohol reduces smoke, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the vehicles exhaust. Up to about 10% ethanol can be added to petrol without requiring any alteration in car engines. Cars can run on 100% ethanol, but this requires engine modification.Ethanol does not release as much energy per gram as hydrocarbons do on burning. Howeve r, ethanol does reduce pollutants in vehicle exhaust. This is particularly advantageous when using Diesohol in trucks and buses in large polluted cities. The use of ethanol as a fuel is neutral as far as releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When ethanol is burned, it produces carbon dioxide, however, this carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by growing plants to produce more ethanol.If crops are grown specifically to produce ethanol by fermentation, very large areas of land would be required. It has been estimated that if Australia used all its food grain and sugar crops to produce ethanol, this would still only provide enough fuel to replace about 10% of its current petroleum use. Obviously, this amount of land could not be devoted to the production of transport fuel rather than food. However, it may be that in the future, with improvements in fermentation technology, plant waste material could be used to produce ethanol.It may be that there are bust ways to ha rness energy from the sun than by growing plants which are then fermented to produce ethanol. Combustion of ethanol only releases about one third of the energy from sunlight which was originally trapped by, for example, sugar cane plants. Ethanol is still much more expensive to produce than petrol. The expenses involved in the production of ethanol include the effort put into growing the plant material, transporting plant material to processing plants and the energy required to separate the ethanol from the fermentation mixture by distillation.Ethanol consumption in an engine is approximately 51% higher than for gasolene since the energy per unit volume of ethanol is 34% lower than for gasoline. However, the higher compression ratios in an ethanol-only engine allow for increased power output and better fuel economy than could be obtained with lower compression ratios Cost of ethanol in Australia Taxation * Domestically produced fuel ethanol is currently effectively loose from exci se tax until July 1, 2011 (an excise of 38. 43 cents per litre is payable on petrol). From this date, excise will be increased at 2. 5 cents per litre each year until it reaches 12. 5 cents per litre in 2015 Government Support * Federal Government support for fuel ethanol includes a voluntary industry biofuels target (encompassing ethanol, biodiesel, and other biofuels) of 350 million litres per annum by 2010, capital grants to current and prospective producers, fuel excise relief, and an effective tariff on imported ethanol until July 1, 2011. In 2006, the Premiers of both untried South Wales and Queensland proposed mandating the blending of ethanol into petrol. Marketing * E10 is available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands as well as those of a number of smaller independents. E10 is most widely available closer to the sources of production in Queensland and New South Wales. E10 is most commonly blended with 91 RON regular unleaded f uel.BibliographyBiofuel in Australia. (2010, 11 20). Retrieved 11 22, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Australia Catalyst Teaching Resouces. (2001).Investigating ethanol as a fuel , 1-5. Ethanol from glucose (2010, http//hsconline. nsw. edu. au/). Motion Picture. Ethanol from sugar (2010, http//hsconline. nsw. edu. au/). Motion Picture. Ethanol Fuel. (n. d. ). Retrieved 11 21, 2010, from Journey to forever http//journeytoforever. org/ethanol. htmlEthanol Fuel. (2010, 11 10). Retrieved 11 22, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in Ethanol fuel in Brazil. (2010, 10 31). Retrieved 11 18, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil MONCEAUX, P. M. (2008, 08 28).Fuel ethanol production. Retrieved 11 17, 2010, from bioethanol http//www. bioethanol. ru/images/bioethanol/Fuel%20ethanol%20production%20-%20Katzen. pdf

Cola Wars †The Carbonated Soft Drink Industry Essay

Threat of New EntryThe existing players in the soft drink industry confine much advantage relative to new entrants. First, supply-side thrift discourages new entrants by forcing them to enter the market in large scale. CSDs demand side benefits of scale besides makes it difficult for new entrants to be pass judgment by the public. In 2002, a survey found that 37% of respondents chose a CSD because it is their favorite provoker, while only 10% said so about bottled water. This demonstrates CSD customers eminent brand entirelyegiance and their lack of desire to buy from new entrants. In terms of capital requirement, concentrate manufacturers only requires $25$50 million to launch up a plant that can serve the entire United States of America.Yet, new entrants may have difficulties competing with major(ip) players well-established brands and their large scale unrecoverable (therefore, backbreaking to finance) spending on advertising. There is also unequal access to bottlers and retail channels for newcomers. Most bottlers are in long-term contracts with major CSD brands also, the largest distribution channel, supermarkets, contemplate CSD a big traffic draw, thus provide little to no shelf space for newcomers. In addition, strong fear of retaliation from major players also makes newcomers hesitate to enter. talk terms Power of SuppliersRequired inputs for CSD are mostly raw materials such as caramel coloring, phosphoric or citric acid, graphic flavors, caffeine, and fructose. Almost all suppliers of the CSD industry provide undifferentiated commodities and thus have little dicker power and almost no strength to integrate forward.Bargaining Power of BuyersEnd consumers and retail channels can both be considered as buyers in the CSD industry. End consumers are likely to have brand loyalty to their CSD as analyzed in threat of new entry. Thus, consumers are expected to continue purchasing a brand unless there is a significant outlay increase or substantial change in flavor. Consequently, end consumers have little bargaining power. Retail channels, on the other hand, have more bargaining leverage since they buy CSDs in much larger quantities than end consumers. Yet, for retail channels such as supermarkets (making up almost one third of all retail volume), CSDs are considered a big traffic draw, thus reducing its bargaining power. In addition, fountain outlets (making up another 23.4% of retail channel) also have insignificant bargaining power since they rely on CSD companies heavy investment in dispensers, cups, point-of-sale advertising, and many other types of equipment.Threat of SubstitutesCSDs are remarkable in terms of taste and properties. When a consumer craves CSD, it is difficult to find a replacement that can equally satisfy his or her desire. Even after CSD was set as the largest source of obesity-causing sugars in the American diet in 2005, CSDs still accounted for 73.1% of U.S. non-alcoholic refreshment beverage volume (down from 80.8% in 2000) at around the same time. It is true up that consumers are moving towards alternatives that have more natural flavors such as several tea-based drinks and bottled water yet, CSD firms have quickly adapted to this shift and largely predominate the market of these alternatives.Rivalry Among Existing CompetitorsEven though rivalry among existing competitors Coke, Pepsi, and Cadbury Schweppes seem intense, the profitability has not been weakened. This is largely because of the high concentration of competition and their focus on on promotion, advertising, and other forms of branding instead of waging large-scale price wars. In a way, the success of Coke and Pepsi required the heavy competition on these dimensions. Without Coke, Pepsi would have a tough time being an original and lively competitor. The more successful they (Coke) are, the sharper we (Pepsi) have to be. says Roger Enrico, former CEO of Pepsi. The CSD industry profitability lies deep down the Cola War itself that forces major players to improve continuously.Through Porters five forces analysis, it becomes clear that CSD is so profitable because of the way its industry competition is influence high entry barriers due to newcomers unfavorable supply-side economies of scale, demand-side benefits of scale, and unrecoverable advertising spending low bargaining power of suppliers and buyers since CSD requires mainly homogeneous commodities, buyers have high brand loyalty, and retailers rely heavily on CSD firms investments well handled threat of substitutes and healthy internal rivalry that is vital to continuous improvement.

Speech to Persuade Cosmetic Surgery

Liposuction IntroIntroduce myself Transition What Is Liposuction? Liposuction which Is also known as lipoplasty Is a surgical force used to slim and reshape specific aras of the body by removing excess fat deposits under the skin with the use of a vacuum-suction preemptnula. One thing consider is that a cannula is not always used sometimes an ultrasonic probe is used to break down fat then It is suctioned. Where on your body can you get Liposuction? Liposuction may be performed on the abdomen, hips. thighs, calves. arms. ttocks. back. neck. or face. A liposuction turn may include more than one area. for example, the abdomen, arms, and thighs all(prenominal) on the same day or various areas that you choose, Liposuction is also used to reduce breast size in men with large breasts (gynecomastia). Who performs a lipo? Liposuction surgeries are performed by plastic surgeons. Any licensed physician may perform liposuction but it is recommended that they have special training Where ca n you have a procedure done? The procedure may be performed in a doctors office, surgical center or hospital.Transition But celebrate In Mind that It Is Important that It be performed In a clean environment. Emergencies may arise during any surgery and access to soupcon medical equipment and/or a nearby hospital emergency room Is Important What to expect during Liposuction and afterward? During the procedure the physician will mark your body with a pen to Indicate where the fat is to be removed. so you will receive anesthesia which is medicine that prevents you from feeling pain. Once the anesthesia is working, the physician will ake an incision in the area where the liposuction will be performed.A cannula which is a hollow tube will be inserted into the incision. The physician moves this cannula back and forth to suction out the fat. After the procedure you will stay at where the procedure was performed until the effect of the anesthesia has gone away. The cuts where the doctor inserted the cannula may be leaky or drain fluids for several days. You will wear special tight garments to keep your skin compressed after the liposuction procedure What is the risk of Liposuction? Infections may happen after any surgery including a liposuction.It is important to keep the wounds clean after the procedure to avoid Infections. swelling may occur after liposuction. In some cases swelling may continue for weeks or months after liposuction. Anesthesia can also be a risk if It Is not administered correctly. Poor wound healing. You may have Keloids which is an abnormal growth of scars. What Is the Cost? I ne make up 0T llposuctlon varies Dy states ana doctors It ranges anywnere Trom $7,000 per area. Transition In spite of the cost I favor Liposuction because if it is oing to help someone feel better about the way they look and cleanse them I am all for it.https//www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuctionhttps//www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/lipo suction/procedurehttps//www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/men-and-plastic-surgery/procedureshttps//www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/costhttps//www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/candidates

Dirt Bike Usa

remit OF CONTENT I. stain BIKES the States COMPANY I. IS REQUIREMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE II. COMPETITIVE STRATEGY III. operational EXCELLENCE 1. rent or buy finis for unenvi fitw atomic pattern 18 and softw be 2. CUSTOMER DATABASE 3. SUPPLY chain of mountains MANAGEMENT SOLUTION 4. E-COMMERCE STRATEGY 5. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 6. COMPONENT PRICE CHANGES. I DIRT BIKES ground forces COMPANY smirch cycle per seconds USA is territory cycle per seconds re cut intoion fraternity based in California.It was founded in 1991 by Carl Schmidt and Steven McFadden, two young plainly experienced motor roulette wheelrs with engineering science backgrounds who saw that filth bikes were becoming precise popular in the United States as some(prenominal)(prenominal) sporting and racing motorcycles. 1. Goals and Culture * Culture Carl Schmidt and Steven McFadden founded diddly-shit bikes USA. They noniced that blot bike was becoming popular in the United States. They were fou nded on a friendly, family vitrine atmosphere, attention to detail and spirit, and continual learning and innovation.With these values dirt bikes has excelled to oneness of the top companies, competing with the likes of Honda, Yamaha, and Kawasaki. * Goals diddlyshit bikes goals argon real ambitious, and if fulfilled get out bring them to the top of the list. They want to remediate on their values, and products, and innovate pe pelfrating edge technology that forget hopefully propel them to the top. They want to increase sales in both the internal and international market. 2. Products and services * jack rolls does non sell directly to retail clients, relying on a network of 40 distributors concentrated in the Western and Midwestern United States.A small percentage of crap Bikes argon s of age(predicate) in Europe using independent distributors that sell other sets of dirt bikes and motorcycles as well as crud Bikes. foulness Bikes motorcycles, parts, and service, including warranty repairs, stop unless be obtained by with(predicate) an authencetic dope Bikes dealer. All motorcycle and sp argon parts sales, shipping and set-up must be handled by a certified dealer. If a potential consumptioner lives more than than 50 miles from the ne arst authorized Dirt Bikes dealer, the guest washstand get a Dirt Bike or Dirt Bike parts through a certified independent motorcycle dealer.Retail customers hind end get sp be parts directly from Dirt Bikes only by verifying that they live more than 50 miles from an authorized Dirt Bikes dealer. The engines for Dirt Bikes argon Ro tax revenue enhancement engines from Austria and tires are from Dunlop, but m both of their parts, very much(prenominal) as shock absorbers, front wheel forks, exhaust calls, and headlights, are from the United States. Dirt Bikes actually gets four models the Enduro 250, the Enduro 550, the Moto 300 and the Moto 450. The two Enduros are endurance racers, while the Motos are for motocross racing.All four are rattling modern, with such technology as both kick and electric starters, expressive style stabilizers, and liquid cooling 3. Organization Carl Schmidt is the CEO of Dirt Bikes USA and Steve McFadden take to hearts as President and COO. The employees of this social club are involved in the de consecrate, engineering and production aspects, and include 3 full- meter designers, 3 full- quantify engineers, 4 full-time parts specialist, and a 10-employee service department. in that respect is everywherely a marketing manager whose channel is to over get a line 5 sales representatives. Overall, the play a languish employs 120 people and has expanded expectantly since the early 1990s.The strengths of this constitution is that production department is divided effectively in smaller parts, they can slowly defy the operations. However, the weaknesses of agreement is moderately hierarchical & small, there are no separate managers fo r service, shipping & receiving, parts and design & engineering and manufacturing. II INFORMATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Dirt Bikes USA relies heavily on database package such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access. This is to keep track of sales, farm animal, and employee matters.The trump out exchange product of Dirt Bikes USA has been the Enduro 550 and the worst selling product has been the Moto 450. sales by pose Model 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Enduro 250 1201 1663 2291 2312 2195 Enduro 550 2832 3290 3759 4078 3647 Moto 300 1755 1932 2454 2615 2627 Moto 450 463 598 661 773 823 centre 6251 7483 9165 9778 9292 In the first three years, international sales were consistently rising from 2003 2005, and then started to fall during the finale two year. They have never contributed more than 10% of the total sales. outside(a) sales have grown comparative to Domestic sales, however, in 2006, there has been a decrease in international sales while domestic sales have as well as change magnitude. Domestic vs. International Sales 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Domestic 5723 6843 8254 8889 8530 International 528 640 911 889 762 TOTAL 6251 7483 9165 9778 9292 % International 8. 4% 8. 6% 9. 9% 9. 1% 8. 2% Figure 2 Domestic vs International Sales from 2003 to 2007 Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands) 2007 2006 2005 Revenue Net sales 60,144 64,063 61,529 make up of goods exchange 45,835 43,155 41,072 Gross profit/(loss) 14,309 20,908 20,457 Gross boundary line 23. 8% 32. 6% 33. 2% Operating expenses Sales and markering 4,733 4,537 3,944 Engineering and product knowledge 3,141 2,992 2,339 General and administrative 1,913 1,601 1,392 kernel operating(a) expenses 9,787 9,130 7,675 Operating income/loss 4,522 11,778 12,782 Other income/expense Interest income/expense 1,747 175 80 Other income/(expense) (6,254) (2,914) (3,080)Income before provision for income taxes 15 9,039 9,782 Income taxes 1,459 1,729 535 Net income/(loss) (1,444) 7,310 9,247 Net margin -2% 11% 15% drumhead Balance Sheet Data At December 31 2007 2006 2005 Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 6,994 7,197 6,891 Accounts reveivable 13,083 12,981 12,872 Inventories 6,315 5,931 5,843 correspond current assets 26,392 26,109 25,606 Property plant, and equipment 36,920 34,515 32,002 Other assets 1,765 1,903 1,834 Total assets 65,077 62,527 59,442 Current liabilities Accounts payable 8,943 8,694 7,592 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 10,877 9,382 8,654 Total current liabilities 19,820 18,076 16,246 Long-term debt 9,772 9,338 8,890 Total liabilities 29,592 27,414 25,136 Shareholders equity 35485 35113 34306 Total liabilities + shareholders equity 65,077 62,527 59,442 The income statement and balance sheet are the aboriginal financial statements commitd by oversight to determine how well a planetary ho social function is performing.The income statement, also called an operating statement or profit and loss statement, shows the income and expenses of a firm over a period of time, such as a year, a quarter, or a month. The gross profit represents the difference between the firms revenue (or sales) and the woo of goods sold. The gross margin is calculated by dividing gross profit by net sales. Revenue is not growing steadily, from 2005 to 20046 the revenue increases at rate of 4. 12% from 2006 to 2007 the revenue decreases at rate of -6. 12%.Cost of goods sold increases steadily from 2005 to 2007, while revenue just increases from 2005 to 2006, and decreases from 2006 to 2007. Gross margin and net margin decreases from 2005 to 2007 Operating expense increases from 2005 to 2007 A company has more current assets than current liabilities, firm has passable working capital to fund investments in pertly products and discipline strategys. Firm has assets to pay for expenses and to finance th e development of impudently products and training system of ruless. III ANALYZING COMPETETIVE STRATEGY 1. VALUE CHAIN OF DIRT BIKE USAThe company provides value to its customers by designing and manufacturing last quality custom motorcycles, and by servicing those motorcycles. Dirt Bikes take top components from different famous suppliers around the world to make sure that each component of their product perform the best quality to customer. This activity make it become a unique spirited musical mode for which company is noted. Moreover, all of Dirt Bikes product are warranty repaires, shipping and set-up must be handled by a certificate dealer, if the customers living within 50 miles from the nearset athoritizedDirt Bike dealers, they can secure a Dirt Bike or Dirt Bike parts through a certified independent motocycle dealer, and so forth. The fact showing Dirt Bikes concentration on providing the best products and services to its customers is that the companys parts and se rvice department is responsible for 15% of the total revenue. Furthermore, the nigh significant secernate to prove that Dirt Bike has provided the best quality products can be analyzen in the numbers of races that this brand wins each year. Besides, focusing on diversity of products is also a reason perform value for Dirt Bike in the high competitive market.The company has produced many forms of racing dirt bike such as racing specifically for different size bikes, for short-change distances, long distances, and even for up to vi days. Currently, Dirt Bike produces the highest value product is the Enduro 550, which is the top selling bike focused toward the dedicated founder and semi-professional racer. By products lines that represent the conveys and request of customers, Dirt Bike has gained the satisfation and trust from its customers. One of the most activities creating the most value for Dirt Bike is advertisement.Most of its advertisement is at racing event or racing m agazines. Although cognise as one of the supplier selling the highest quality to customer, Dirt Bike use a very competitive level of price to against others competitors. Honda 2012 Honda CRF 450R $8,440 Dirt Bike 2012Moto 450 $8,995 The Enduro 250 $3,250The Enduro 550 $7,600The Moto 300 $4,295 Yamaha motocross 2012 Yamaha YZ 250F $7,290 KTM 2012 KTM SX 250 $6,899 Kawasaki2012 KX450F US MSRP Price $8,399 Other ship canal to provide value to customers are the policy of listening to customers feedback on how to improve the product, sharing their experiences and informing the impertinentest products to them through Dirt Bikes USA Owner Group. In addtion to adding value to its products and customers, Dirt Bikes also have a professtional employees who report with customers and show up the high quality as well as the differences of Dirt Bike directly. 2. RIVALS in that location are many company which produce and sell dirt bikes in the world.Among of such a grand competitors, Hond a, Kawasaki, Suzuki and Yamaha represent as Dirt Bikes pristine competitors. Those companies are known for completely custom in-house design. Besdides that, they not only sell products but also the parts of their bikes,which allow them to expand theirs business and control the quality as well as the revenue of company. Furhermore, Having a large Expenditure budget on advertisement friends them build a significant image in customers trust, gain a strong loyalty with long-term customer, appear popular on other retailers websites.Four brands shoould have been consider as the big four threaten Dirt Bikes USA. Honda Advantages * Slimmed -down fuel tanks * Wide-ratio gearing * Electric starting Suzuki Advantages * Loads of mid-range * whippersnapper handling Yamaha Advantages * Lightweight frame * Lightening- quick handling * Smooth power delivery 3. FACTORS INFLUENCE DIRT BIKE INDUSTRY * Internet the fast development of Internet is al ways a good sign for society and all manufacturing process whole the world. However, it is also considered as a potential threat of any industry, not except dirt bike.The ease of access allows Dirt Bike as well as other competitors to search the selective culture of lower price supplies, high quality but cheaper parts as well as labor or advance advertisement. in that respect is the selfsame(prenominal) pedigree for all compaies, therefore, it is hard for Dirt Bike to make the differences from other exitsting competitors as well as new potential competitors who are going to step into this subdivision. * Economy situtation There is no exactly prediction roughly the world in the future, especially the current economy in Europe is not a optimistic view for Dirt Bike when its the largest market is some in those Western countries.When there is a recession, people tent to geld their demand in leisure activities as a outlet, the revenue of dirt bike industry will steadily decrease. * The policy of goverment It can not deny the r elationship between economy and politic. Lower tax on import goods and service as well as afforable tax income, so forth are factors can determine the supply and demand of dirt bike industry. When governemnt carry out the tighten policy, selling those products will get the big trouble. * Taste of customer Taste is also an important factors influent on dirt bike industy.It is very simple to see that switching hobby from using dirt bike to other vehicles will cause a headache for producer to motivate their customer to spend gold on unnecessary procucts. * Quality When Dirt Bike came into this industry, it made a promise on providing high quality and services to its customerl therefore, it must keep its promise as its competitive emolument against others rivals. * New competitors a market with many competitors will also cause some problems to existing company in dirt bike market. The organization as well as strategy will change along with behaviors of new enterprises. . COMPETITIVE S TRATEGY The most sui put over strategy that Dirt Bike USA should follow is low-cost Leadership. As we know, it has 4 big competitors who make Dirt Bike have to apply the most enchanting strategy to gain more loyalty, disport from customers as well as keep its market segment in long term. Others set the higher prices for their products as the claim on the quality. If Dirt Bike could produce such high quality products but sell at an attractive price, this competitive advantage would help Dirt Bike become unique in this industry.Moreover, Dirt Bike should apply some methods to improve its business besides the Low-cost Leadership * Firstly, Dirt Bikes is known as one of the highest quality suppliers in the world. Its warranty on satifation of customer with Dirt Bikes products is its competitive advantage and it should continue to make use of this advantage to expand its business to others segment or others countries. It can do the same as other rivals by selling the parts to satisfy f ull demand of customers or expand its business to ATV or road motorcycles, which will help Dirt Bikes revenue as well as gain a smash profit. Secondly, Dirt Bikes alsmot sell its products through its distributors. The information they keep is just information virtually those distributors not its customers. another(prenominal) way to improve its business is develop its information system. Set up a large source of information about about all customers not only help Dirt Bike with managing customer profile more easily, sp holding out takeed information faster but also bring out a great bridge to build a long-term relationship with customer. * Finally, it should spend more funds and time in advertisement, especially E-commerce.Its website should be redesigned to make customer as well as employees has a clearly look at all products it is selling. Providing more detail, technical information, comparision to others same line products. Those essential information has to be uploaded on the Website, beautiful and clear design to help customer more knowledgeable about products they would like to buy and support employees when they talk about products customers would like to know or they would like to sell. What is more, Dirt Bikes should invite famous riders to ride advertise for their products. This method will raise the trust in customer more. . INFORMATION SYSTEMS WOULD BE SUITABLE FOR THE CHOSEN STRATEGY * CAD/CAM technology allows engineer and draftspeople to design systems. * communication and collaboration systems allows all employees to communicate effectively and efficiently via e-mail, voice mail, call center and others. * Data warehouse allows managers and knowlegde workers store huge amount of data that can be easily accessed and dodged for decision support. * Mobile reason systems supports mobile employees who work with cusomer or business partners outside the physical boudaries of the organization.Supply Chain Management System This system may allo w the company to manage their inventory levels more efficiently. * * IV OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE * develop a website privacy policy developing a web site privacy policy There are some kind of personal information the website can collect in stray to serve customers well such as name, address, email, bid numberthese database can be collected through baffle form If customers order products, the company requires personally identificable information. With these database, the company will deliver products exactly and on time.Email is very useful to provide services for customers. For example, a customer has a problem about his product, he can send email to service center to get the help instead of going to the company, or when the company has promotional campaign, it will send information to customers to announce about the news and encourage customers to buy new products. Surveys or contests Participation in these surveys is completely voluntary. The requested information certainly inc ludes butt against information. Clickstream, web bacons he company can use information collected from clickstreams to well understand about what customers are provoke in, what they need since the company set up plans to satisfy customers or provide services they needs. Although the website collects customer information and uses them as marketing and business purposes, it is ensured that security is very important to the company. When customers enter sensitive information such as social security number or credit card number on order forms, the company always warrant that information is encrypted by using secure socket layer technology (SSL).Additionally, not share personal information to the third party is a goal of the company. 1. Improving decision fashioning Making the rent or buy decision for hardware and software system a. Rent or purchase software 2 accedes preceding(prenominal) shows that the cost of purchase software is less than the cost of renting hosted software. Thus, purchasing software is the best solution b. Strengths and Weaknesses of renting vs purchasing Rent PurchaseStrengths -cheaper cost -alternative new software easily-having most of the required features- marginal IT staffs -free management to deal with products core competence forever-have guaranteed appreciation over a time period time-minimal IT staffs Weaknesses -limited time using-limitation on the software customization-uncomfortable when the software is out of date-frequent software updates-long term reliance on vendor support -expensive cost-expense when alternative new software-limitation on software customization-incompatible with company needs-frequent software updates-long term reliance on vendor supportIf the company rent software, it can change into another software when the old one doesnt fit company needs. The cost paid for rented software is cheaper than purchased software, so the cost for ever-changing does not take much as well. Suppose the rented software is not out of date, the company also does not barren available resources as well as the money spending. Software is usually sold in a package. The company has to buy full package even though it may not use all the functions. Thus, the company will waste the big money for spending useless functions of the software which is going to be released.Otherwise, the company has free management to deal with softwares core competencies forever. The company do not need to concern about time using as renting. That is uncomfortable when someday the software is out of date but the company still need to use it, the manager will have to sign a new contract for continuously using. That affects to companys operations and waste time. Renting and purchasing need to be updated frequently to ensure that they always fits to company demands, hence both of them rely on vendor support in long term. Additionally, limitation on the software customization need to be con sidered as well.The company rent or purchase any software, it just has authority to use this software for helping the business to run effectively. It is not allowed to transfer or copy into many versions to sell. However, minimal IT staffs is a strong point of both renting and purchasing. Software helps the company to handle well with a large information that human can not do although amount of staffs is large. c. Other factors need to be considered (beside cost) * Duration of need (long term or short term) If the company want to use in short term (usually under 6 months), then renting is optimal solution.In contrast, purchasing will be the best solution if time using is over 6 months (long term) * Compatibility Software run on iphone can not run on android. That is example about compatibility. Similarly, Microsoft 2010 can not run on window XP SP1, SP2, sooner than they are window XP SP3, win 7 or later * Friendly interface Software that is aristocratic to use will increase effici ency for the company. * Efficiency Microsoft 2007 is better than Microsoft 2003 because Microsoft 2007 has more functions than Microsoft 2003colorful interface, beautiful templates.Furthermore, social function 2007 can open XML files which are files of older office versionMore functions are shown on ribbon. That helps users manipulate right away. * Supporting The software should provide support for common tools used for the volume digitization of paper documents and integrating with other devices that generate digital documents such as fax servers. 2 CUSTOMER DATABASE Dirt Bikes USA does not sell its products directly to retail customers however, these transactions are primarily made through its distributors network.The information of a customer will be collected by the companys distributors when this sale is made. This database is then forwarded to Dirt Bikes. Figure 1 Customer Database collected from distributors. Figure 1 shows the customers information that distributors forw arded to Dirt Bikes. This table includes many kinds of information customer name, address (street, city, state, and zip code), telephone number, model purchased, date of purchase, distributor, customers interests and tastes (their ages, level of education, and ducky sport), and their attentions to racing events.Storing all the information at only one place is so complicated and when it develops into thousand-record table, it is touchy to manage all information effectively. Moreover, it may take a lot of time to withdraw a piece of data as needed. To be able to market aggressively, therefore, the database needs to be redesigned. The new database will include tables and reports that allow the company to know certain information about the customers. The Marketing department would also like to be able to keep the customers updated on certain events, such as races and sales, depending on their ages, education level, and their previous purchases.Using Microsoft Access program (version 2 007), the database that we designed is very simple to use, yet very effective. From the main database (Figure 1), 3 sub-tables are adding and each table manages 1 kind of information withdrawing from the main data. Figure 2 distributer table The table shows the list of distributors names and their IDs. Managing distributors information by their IDs can avoid confusions and help tone up this information easily and quickly. Figure 3 Model table This table shows the models of dirt bike that the company produces and sells in the market.Each model is managed by 1 ID. Figure 4 Purchase table This table show previous purchases. Each record comprises Customer ID (the customer that made this transaction), Model ID (model ordered), date purchase of such transaction, and Distributor ID (distributor that made the transaction with the customer). Purchase ID is the primary key of the table. Figure 5 relationship between 4 tables. This figure shows the relationship between 4 tables Customer tabl e (main table), Purchase table, Model table, and Distributor table.Specifically, Customer ID is the primary key in Customer table and in Purchase plank Customer ID is the foreign key. Model ID is primary key in Model table and the field with the same name in Purchase table is foreign key. Distributor ID in Distributor table is the primary key and is the foreign key in Purchase table. All these relationships above are in one-to-Many eccentric because the primary keys of tables of Customer, Distributor, and Model can appear many times in Purchase table. It means that one customer can make many transactions with many distributors and buy many models as well.Figure 6 Identify repeat customer by query. This table shows the way we design query to count the number of transactions that customers have made so far with source is Purchase table. innovationd on the result of this query, we can report frequent customers of Dirt Bikes USA. Figure 7 Repeat Customers. This figure shows the proce ss that we create report of frequent customers. Customers that bought more than 1 product of the company will be reported with their names, phone number, model they ordered, dates of purchases and the distributors they bought dirt bikes from.Besides knowing who are valuable customers that the company needs to take good do of, Marketing department can also recognize effective distributors to give them acknowledgements for their good jobs (rewards, bonus, etc. ). Additionally, more reports can be added to better suite the needs of the company. Several reports that may be of need to Dirt Bikes USA are hasten events report, which show customers are avid racers, as well as the ages of the customers. down the stairs are some examples of the reports needed by the Marketing department of Dirt Bikes USA. Figure 8 Racing events.This figure shows the way we made report of Racing events. The report shows customers that will attend racing events. This information is useful to Dirt Bikes USA because it enables the company to notify customers of when certain racers are being held. This way, the customers are awake(predicate) of races and events that they are interested in attending or racing in. Figure 9 Customers ages, Education levels, and darling sports This figure shows the way we design the report of Customers Ages, Education Levels, and favorite sports. The report allows the Marketing department to see their customers tastes.It can also help the company know which group of customers they are serving. From this information, Dirt Bikes USA can improve their performance in Customer services as well as improving its products designs and quality to fit customers interests. 3 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOLUTION A supply chain is outlined as a network of organizations and business processes for procuring materials, transforming raw materials into intermediate and finished products, and distributing the finished products to customers. Fulfilling orders on time is becoming increasingly harder for Dirt Bikes.This is due to the delays of obtaining certain parts to the motorcycles, especially their fuel tanks. This is a austere issue because this could lead to loses in sales because customers do not want to wait so long for their orders to be filled. Finding a different fuel tank supplier is very necessary. In resolution to the supply chain problems that Dirt Bikes USA searched for alternate suppliers on the internet. There are three viable alternative suppliers that were found Company Location Cost of part Cost of shipping Motosport. com Gresham, OR 97230 $247. 9 Fedex free 2days Motocyle-superstore. com Medford, OR 97204 $273. 99 lay off ground Xrsonly. com Hesperia, CA 92345 $249. 95 UPS 3 day $26. 39 The worthy choice is motosport. com. They have the cheapest price and their website guarantees 30 day price matching. The shipping is not only free but 2nd day by Federal Express. The motosport. com website also looks more professional, and has a co ntact page that shows a picture of their administration offices, and the address of their warehouse. It is possible that Dirt Bikes USA could be assisted by implementing supply chain management software. Logility Voyager SupplyPlanning Wolin Design Group da Vinci Features Maximize probabilitycost for effective solutions- Optimizing sourcing and decision making. Helps balance resources, constraints and customer service levels. Analyses of customer orders-Evaluate be and revenues Easy to report cost of effective solutions- Free training- Allows implementation of all or one applications- Optimizing resources. Helps balance resources, constraints and customer service levels- Analyses of customer orders Dirt Bike USA should also invest in good supply chain management software.The figure below compares the features of The Logility Companys Voyager Supply Planning software with Wolin Design Groups da Vinci software. The suitable option is the da Vinci software. There are some reasons for this, first of all, the company does not require the purchase for all the components of the software a company can choose to buy only certain applications. There are even add-ons to the standard software package. Before the company purchases the product, they are allows to do a establish with employees from Wolin Design Group.If the company is not satisfied with the product, the company will not have to purchase the software. erst the demo is complete and the company purchases the software, the implementation process begins. There is a Help Desk that can do any questions or fix any problems that may arise. The actual software package itself provides Dirt Bikes with great services. Da Vinci is a whole database where every part of the ordering, financing, and inventory side of the company can be kept. It allows tracking of the products and shipping aspects.Inventory Management and other reports are easy to access because of the tracking. There are reports for the profit, reven ue and costs of Dirt Bikes, as well as management reports. The reports help with the decision making and the daily success of the company. The software also tries its best to minimize the cost of building the bikes and the all around costs in general. Voyager Supply Planning software is a great option, but da Vinci provides services that are more suitable for Dirt Bikes USA. 4- E-COMMERCE STRATEGY Internet is becoming more and more popular in modern life as well as in business.E-commerce is an useful application for seller and purchaser to reach their willingness.. Almost everyone has a computer with internet connection. By having a website, Dirt Bikes would be able to expand its business better because it will reach out to many people. Customers will also ascertain it more convenient to do their shopping online. The customers have more time for choosing products and the shopper has a chance to read about all the different kinds of bikes. It also enables them to compare bikes to one another, as well as see pictures of all of them. E-commerce allows the company to be more competitive.Dirt Bike should sell not only motorcycle but also parts on the Web, the customers will have more option when looking its website. Advertisement about the new products, popular product on the front page of the website is also a good way to attract customer. Although there are many benefits from E-commerce, Dirt Bike has to face with risks that derive from online trading. * Buyers from all over the world may use fake or stolen credit cards and online payment accounts or they outright lie about delivery. Many claim non-delivery or damaged goods in order to get refunds.This is turn makes it costly for sellers, as they are faced with the reality that now they have lost both their inventory and money. * Sellers may take money without ever sending any product or forwarding subscript goods to the customers. * When a company accepts a customers credit card and personal data, unless the business takes measures to protect that information, data is easily stolen through hacking, making both the seller and the buyer vulnerable. Solutions for better E-commerce strategy One e-commerce company that provides clarified services is NetSuite.It allows a small to medium company to be managed completely on this one software. approximately of the services website and web store building and hosting, built-in analytics and reporting, low-cost customer service, and superior e-commerce marketing tools. In order for the e-commerce software to be a profitable investment for Dirt Bikes, the cost savings need to increase. The increase should be more than the company has made in the past, and then some because of the cost of the e-commerce software. Advantages * Managed exclusively on on Software. Website and Web store building and hosting * Built-in analytics and reporting * Low-cost customer service * Superior e-commerce marketing tools 5 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT The most important explicit knowledge of Dirt Bike USA assets are its engineering designs, its customer relations management, and its sales/marketing processes. This is the explicit and silent knowledge, most of the knowledge can be documented. The engineer can graph his or her design and the customers or sellers can save their information in their documents.There is also tacit knowledge, the designers have to think about the new ideas to refresh the products and attract people, the engineers have to think about the techniques to deal with employees and customers as well, they have to think the ways to increase the employees productivity, some tricks that can be used by the sellers to persuade the customers to buy their products. However, the knowledge assets of Dirt Bike is not only internal asset but also external assets. The Dirt Bike use outside engine manufacture so it has be knowledgeable about the engine products that are produced and developed by their engine suppliers.The marketers also use outside media to know about the market trend, the customers interest to increase the investment from outsiders to expand the company. association management system is the system that would contain as much information as possible that can be documented and organized, from raw data to data studies. The system brings many benefits for employees and company itself. The engineers can use the data from this system for the correct engine designs and knowing whether the engine products from the suppliers are qualified are or not. The designers can use the data and get the materials for the products.The marketers can use external and internal data for making marketing plan and getting investment. The sellers can use the data for market segmentation, and determine the time for selling suitable kind of product. The managers can know the information quickly to update about the new plan, new economics trend to have better react. Finally, the company can get the products feedback from customers, make the survey about the customers interest. With many benefits from the friendship management system Dirt Bike need to use it but the problem here is how can they find he Knowledge management system company that suitable for them? The appropriate knowledge management system for Dirt Bike is Safeharbor (http//www. safeharbor. com/solutions/knowledge-management-services/) it has almost everything that suitable for not only Dirt Bike but also many different companies. Its Knowledge Engineers work directly with the companys teams to help with some or all of the following nitty-gritty assessment, Content creation and testing, Analysis and reporting, Contact center alignment, Taxonomy, Best practices.It has some functions that other companies do not have like multi-language which is necessary for the company to have agencies in different countries, multi-currency for faster transaction and Boolean search for faster searching. The company has 3 competitive advantages simple and intuit ive, powerful and customizable, cost effective. It provides Internal Knowledge base * Powerful Search Engine. * Easy Article Creation and Content Management. * Powerful Knowledge Base Management Tools. * Improved Agent Effectiveness * Moderator Controls. * Reporting & Analytics * Cloud Mobility. External Knowledge base highly Customizable. * Intuitive Self Service. * User Feedback. * Community Forums. Component Component No. Source Unit Cost Quantity Extended Cost Brake cable M0593 Nissin 27. 81 1 27. 81 Brake ride M0546 Harrison Billet 6. 03 2 12. 06 Brake pad M3203 Russell 27. 05 2 54. 10 Front halt pump M0959 Brembo 66. 05 1 66. 05 Rear brake pump M4739 Brembo 54. 00 1 54. 00 Front brake caliper M5930 Nissin 105. 20 1 105. 20 Rear brake caliper M7942 Nissin 106. 78 1 106. 78 Front brake disc M3920 Russell 143. 80 1 143. 80 Rear brake disc M0588Russell 56. 42 1 56. 42 Brake pipe M0943 Harrison Billet 28. 52 1 28. 52 Brake lever cover M1059 Brembo 2. 62 1 2. 62 T otal cost 657. 36 * Integrated Help Desk and Call Center. 6. COMPONENT PRICE CHANGES The table above shows the cost when it is not affected by any impacts. However when the front brake caliper increased from $103 to $107,the extended cost would increase, too and if the brake pipe increases from $27 to $30 the extended cost increases. The brake system represent 30 percent of the total materials cost for one complete Moto 300 motorcycle.Therefore, not only does the cost of the brake system increase, but the whole motorcycle price. Brake Pipe Total Cost 657. 36 27 28. 00 29 30. 00 103 653. 64 654. 64 655. 64 656. 64 104 654. 64 655. 64 656. 64 657. 64 Front Brake caliper 105. 00 655. 64 656. 64 657. 64 658. 64 106 656. 64 657. 64 658. 64 659. 64 107 657. 64 658. 64 659. 64 660. 64 The table shows the total cost increase when the price of the brake pipe and front brake caliper increase. Finally when the front brake caliper and brake pipe increase up to $ 107 and $30 th e total cost increases to $660. 64. REFERENCES

Mint Lube Case Study

Banin Akif MBA I Seat 7049 Operations watchfulness CASE STUDY (MINIT-LUBE INC. ) Q. 1What constitutes the mission of Minit-Lube? AnsThe mission statement for Minit-Lube can be derived as followed Our electric charge To provide fast, reliable and transcendent services in a customer friendly surround sequence ensuring lowest possible fares. Q. 2How does the Minit-Lube operation dodge provide competitive advantage? AnsMinit-Lube operations strategy provides the organization advantage over its competitors in the following ways Services Design Minit-Lube has a superior service design as it provides fast oil-change, interior cleaning and lubrications services to 3 cars at a time. Quality management Quality exceeds normal standards as all employees are neatly dressed and in full adroit from minit-lube school. Process Efficient use of human resource enables fast service provision as three workers simultaneously work on a car to provide oil-change services. Location Spotless enviro nment provides customer a refreshing feeling. Lay erupt designMinit-Lube layout supports process focused job shop practice which maximizes the cogency and quality. Human Resource Well trained staff graduated from minit-lube school, ensuring cost effectiveness by structure good customer relationships and providing speedy and accurate service. Each individual specializes in its own work enable the maximum level of service. Scheduling Service providedin least possible time frame with use of streamlined human resource in order to meet customer schedules. MaintenanceMinit-Lube provides reliable maintenance solutions because of their trained staff and superior operations management. Q. 3 Is it likely that Minit-Lube has increased productiveness over its more handed-down competitors? Why? How would we measure productivity in this industry? AnsMinit-Lube increased productivity over its tralatitious competitors in the following ways Well trained/educated labor labor plays a zippy role in productivity and as employees of minit-lube are both well educated and trained, they increase the productivity of the organization. More Output in lesser time As compared to its competitors, at minit-lube the car comes in and goes out in only 10 mins which significantly increases the output and therefore, productivity. Also, providing service to 3 cars simultaneously also enhances the productivity if the competitors are servicing less than 3 cars keeping all other factors constant. Productivity= Output____ Input = no of cars serviced in an hour____ Labor hours put in by the team

Animals in Research: Ethical Issues Essay

scientific quest for knowledge and animal experimentation has been inexorably tied to individually other both in popular imagination and human history (Bishop & Nolen, 2001). The practise of animals in scientific look has resulted to spectacular innovations in the field of medicine and understanding of animal, including human, physiology. Many medicinal technologies were developed that ar now used to treat illnesses that were once causing heavy death toll. However, different individuals and communities had different responses to the use of animals in explore.This led to debates and pro testings of individuals and organizations with concerns on ethics and animal rights. Is the use of animals as investigate subjects ethical? Scientific Perspective To swear out our question, let us first look into the scientific perspective of the issue. According to Bishop and Nolen (2001), in that location atomic number 18 approximately 35 million animals used in scientific research worldwide in an annual basis. Approximately 10 to 17 million animals ar killed in American laboratories alone (Walshaw, honest Issues in animal Research).The animals used in laboratory researches include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs, sheep, primates, and cats. In the join States, rats, mice, and birds comprise almost 90-95% of the total animals killed during biomedical researches (Animals in Scientific Procedures Regulation in the USA). wherefore are animals motivationed in research? There are quaternion cerebrates why scientists use animals in research (Why Are Animals Need in Research? ). The first reason is that humans and some animals are similar in physiology and anatomy.Scientists prefer to use animals as tests subjects rather than humans in their forward research. The second reason, certain strands of animals are infected with the same illnesses or conditions as humans. These animals are referred to as Animal Models and are studied to understand the nature o f the disease and hopefully provide appropriate treatment. The third reason lies in the principles of research, which is to introduce one variable and observe its results on the system studied.It is easier to control the environs (i. e. emperature, humidity) of animals in the laboratory and prevent any intrusions of disease-causing bacteria and viruses that will cause diseases non tie in to research, which in common sense, controlling their health. Humans have different life styles that affect their health thus fashioning it onerous to use them as test subjects. The 4th reason pertains to the test for validity of the results obtained from the research. This means test for statistics, i. e. testing a number of animals before coming up with the outright conclusion.In humans, this test is difficult to perform since they have different cases. As a result, data obtained from one case is no longish a research and the results may not feed to the whole population. Now that we have i dentified the four reasons why animals are needed in research, let us now identify the different issues related to animal rights and ethical issues in research with animals. Regulations and Animal Safety Standards The Public Health Service draw for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal welfare Act are the two US regulations that varan and control biomedical researches.The Public Health Service Guidelines is administered by the Office of for Laboratory Animal upbeat of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PHS guidelines were designed for any animal research that is funded by the federal government, i. e. researches done by federal agencies. Under the PHS guidelines is an oversight system, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs). The system evaluates research procedures, reviews research animal care protocols, including waste disposal, and inspect facilities of the research laboratory as well as drill and facilitate the laboratory personnel.I t also functions to investigate reports of animal misuse and mistreatment, particularly during the research process. The Animal Welfare Act controls research of animals that are not mentioned in the PHS guidelines. Under this act, only the animal species specifically mentioned are allowed to be studied. The animals included under the Public Law 89-544 are the following non-human primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, cats and dogs. However, the 1970 amendment gave authorization to the agribusiness Secretary to include other warm-blooded animals and also gave the legislation its current name.Further amendments to the AWA require the fitting of some pain-relieving drugs under the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act (ISLA) of 1985. One problem with these laws is that some animal researches conducted by pharmaceutical companies or genetic engineering firms no longer coincide with these federal regulations. The use of rats, mice and birds are not included in the AWA which m eans that federal standards, including animal care programs, do not apply to the researches. At present, the USDA is drafting regulations to include these animals to the act.Issues on Ethics and Animal Rights There are four issues that pertain to animal rights (Walshaw & Burton, 1999). The first issue deals with the use of animals for human purposes. The adherents of the use of animals in biomedical research argue that animals do not have moral standing in the sense that they do not have self-consciousness, freedom to act and engage in purposive behavior, reasons for actions and ability to appreciate reasons for actions, capacity to go across with humans using a language, capacity to make moral judgments and rationality.On the other hand, some population argue that the question on animal use is not, can they reason or talk? , alone rather, can they suffer? Animals have intuitive feelingings like that of humans. The second issue on animal rights talks about the nature and effect s of the research on animal welfare. In this issue, adherents defend their locating by pointing out the 3 Rs. These are reduce, refine, and replace. They argue that modern techniques on animal research include the use of modern anesthetics and also advances in the computer technology which reduce the pain those animals feel during the process.Also, advances in computer technology aid biomedical scientists in getting data with lesser need of animals. The third issue deals with appearances, can the experiment be perceived as being unpleasant or have unaesthetic appearances? In this issue, some people argue that animal research that involves killing, cutting and fade of animal parts is unpleasant. In most cases, the adherents of this idea are those involved in some apparitional beliefs or philosophies.Hindu religion, for example, houses animals (i. . rodents, primates) in temples believing that those were reincarnates of their ancestors. They treat these animals with high respect. The fourth issue is about the purposes or benefits of the procedures. This pertains to the different cases in which humans benefited from animal research. Under this issue, the adherents of the use of animals in research defend their position by citing the different purposes, and benefits, that humans will get from the research of animals.The purposes and benefits of the using animals as test subjects answer the question why are animals needed in research? . The four reasons why animals are favorite(a) in biomedical research are identified above. Is the use of animals in research ethical? I believe, yes. I adhere to the ideologies of the biomedical scientists. The aforementioned information will support my opinion. It is beneficial to use animals in science. After all, scientists were able to find ways to save and prolong the lives of people who are infected with sulfurous diseases.